Assessing the Probiotic Properties and safety of Limosilactobacillus reuteri LP4 Isolated from Apis cerana Based on Whole Genome and Phenotype Analyses.

Le Xu, Pingping Fang, Mingkui Lv, Shiyu Chen, Chen Liu, Sifan Wang, Jiqin Li, Kun Dong, Qiuye Lin, Zhenhui Cao

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Le Xu *Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.

Pingping Fang *Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.

Mingkui LvSericulture and Apiculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi, 661101, China.

Shiyu ChenFaculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.

Chen LiuFaculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.

Sifan WangFaculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.

Jiqin LiFaculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.

Kun DongFaculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.

Qiuye LinSchool of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, China. linqiuye@ymu.edu.cn.

Zhenhui CaoFaculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. caozhenhui@ynau.edu.cn.

Funding

China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA CARS-44-KXJ13Young Talent of Yunnan Xingdian Support Project for High Level Talents YNWR-QNBJ-2018-137Yunnan Provincial Middle-Young Academic and Technical Leader Candidate 202305AC160040

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Limosilactobacillus reuteri is recognized as a GRAS organism and has been extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and feed industries. This study systematically investigated the probiotic properties and safety of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing L. reuteri LP4, a strain isolated from the intestinal tract of adult Apis cerana, through comprehensive phenotypic assays and whole-genome sequencing. In vitro experiments demonstrated that strain LP4 exhibits robust tolerance to digestive fluids, strong adhesion capacity, and notable antioxidant activity. The strain demonstrated significant antagonistic effects against common gastrointestinal pathogens, including Escherichia coli K88, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi. Additionally, GABA synthesized by LP4 could persistently accumulate in the extracellular environment. Critically, the strain displayed no hemolytic activity and lacked the ability to synthesize biogenic amines such as cadaverine, putrescine, or agmatine. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the LP4 genome comprises a total length of 2,552,459 bp and encodes 2455 predicted genes. Genomic annotation identified multiple probiotic-associated genes involved in antienvironmental stress, adhesion, antibacterial activity, and biosynthesis of GABA and vitamins. Importantly, no definitive virulence or antibiotic resistance genes were detected. These findings align closely with the in vitro experimental results, highlighting the exceptional probiotic potential and safety profile of LP4, establishing a foundation for its application in the food industry and human health-related fields.

Indexed as

Genome, BacterialLimosilactobacillus reuteriProbioticsAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial AdhesionBeesEscherichia coligamma-Aminobutyric AcidHumansPhenotypeSalmonella typhiStaphylococcus aureusWhole Genome SequencingAnti-Bacterial Agentsgamma-Aminobutyric AcidGABA-producingLimosilactobacillus reuteriProbiotic propertiesSafetyWhole-genome sequencing

Identifiers

PMID40751874

DOI10.1007/s12602-025-10685-1

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.