Evidence mapPaperPMID 40755087Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2025

Efgartigimod as a Fast-Acting Add-On Therapy in Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Encephalitis.

Zhuajin Bi, Wenzhong Kang, Ruihan Liu, Yan Jiang, Min Chen

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Article in European journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zhuajin BiDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2002-6633
Wenzhong KangDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Ruihan LiuXiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Yan JiangDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Min ChenDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8511-2516

Funding

Henan Province Key Scientific Research Project Plan for Higher Education Institutions 24A320031
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAutoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a severe neurological disorder that requires effective and safe treatment options. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) plus efgartigimod (IPE) versus IVMP alone or IVMP plus immunoglobulin (IPI) as initial treatments for antibody-mediated AE.

methodsA retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted to compare treatment responses between the IPE group and the IVMP or IPI groups at baseline and after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Responses were assessed using the Clinical Assessment Scale (CASE) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, with propensity score matching (PSM) applied to adjust for confounding variables.

resultsA total of 122 patients with surface antibody-mediated AE were included. After 1:1 PSM, 16 pairs (IPE vs. IVMP) and 15 pairs (IPE vs. IPI) were matched. At 2 weeks post-treatment, the IPE group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in CASE scores from baseline (ΔCASE: 6.5 [IQR = 3.3-8.8] vs. 3.0 [0.0-6.0]) and mRS scores from baseline (ΔmRS: 1.5 [1.0-2.0] vs. 1.0 [0.0-1.0]) compared to the IVMP group, along with a higher proportion of favorable outcomes (mRS ≤ 2: 75.0% vs. 20.0%). No significant differences in CASE or mRS score changes were observed between the IPE and IPI groups over the 12-week follow-up period. Only one mild case of facial rash was reported during efgartigimod treatment, which resolved promptly.

conclusionsEfgartigimod, when added to IVMP treatment, demonstrates rapid efficacy and favorable safety in antibody-positive AE. These findings suggest the need for further investigation in larger clinical trials.

Indexed as

EncephalitisHashimoto DiseaseMethylprednisoloneAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeMethylprednisoloneautoimmune encephalitisefgartigimodimmunoglobulinintravenous methylprednisolonemodified Rankin scale

Identifiers

PMID40755087
PMCPMC12319230

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.