Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40755156›Full record

Trial reportHealth expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy2025

Cost-Effectiveness of a Personalised Self-Management Intervention for People Living With Long Covid: The LISTEN Randomised Controlled Trial.

Shaun R S Harris, Bernadette Sewell, Monica Busse-Morris, Adrian Edwards, Fiona Jones, Fiona Leggat, Philip Pallman, Deborah Fitzsimmons

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter StudyPragmatic Clinical Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Shaun R S HarrisSwansea Trials Unit, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7724-6621
Bernadette SewellSwansea Centre for Health Economics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Monica Busse-MorrisCentre for Trials Research, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Adrian EdwardsPRIME Centre Wales, Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Fiona JonesPopulation Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
Fiona LeggatPopulation Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6754-7225
Philip PallmanCentre for Trials Research, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Deborah FitzsimmonsSwansea Centre for Health Economics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.

Funding

This trial was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Programme (COV-LT2-0009).
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn the United Kingdom, at least 1.9 million people are estimated to have experienced long Covid, of which 1.3 million have symptoms lasting for more than a year. The Long CovId Personalised Self-managemenT support EvaluatioN (LISTEN) trial evaluated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a co-designed personalised self-management support intervention for non-hospitalised people living with long Covid.

methodsWe conducted a pragmatic, multicentre, two-arm, parallel group and superiority randomised controlled trial for people who had experienced at least one long Covid symptom for 12 weeks or longer. A cost-utility analysis was undertaken alongside the LISTEN trial from both a UK National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services (PSS) and a societal perspective. Implementation costs were determined from study records, and quality of life and health and care resource use were collected by questionnaire at 6-week and 3-month follow-ups. Incremental net monetary benefit (INMB) analyses evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the intervention at a range of willingness-to-pay thresholds.

resultsA total of 544 participants were included in the health economic analysis, of which 62.5% had complete data. The average cost of delivering the LISTEN intervention was £846 per participant. At 3-month follow-up, mean quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were 0.005 (95% CI -0.004 to 0.014) greater for participants receiving the LISTEN intervention compared to usual care. From the NHS and PSS perspective, total adjusted mean costs were £491 (95% CI, £128 to £854) lower in the usual care arm. From the societal perspective, participants in the usual care arm lost more hours of work and usual activities and received more informal care, with the LISTEN intervention dominating usual care.

conclusionsAt accepted UK thresholds, the LISTEN intervention was not cost-effective from an NHS and PSS perspective, but it was found to be cost-effective from a societal perspective due to the impact of long Covid on work, informal care and usual activities. Further research is required to understand the costs and benefits of self-management support for longer-term horizons. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: We are grateful for the contributions of the LISTEN Public and Patient Involvement and Engagement group comprising seven people (Anne Domeney, Ian Patel, Carol Rowe, Judith Parsons, Rebecca Beltran, Elizabeth Treadwell and Maria Ines de Sousa de Abreu) with long Covid who supported co-design, communications, trial recruitment and dissemination activities.

trial registrationISRCTN36407216, registered 27 January 2022.

Indexed as

COVID-19Self-ManagementAdultAgedCost-Benefit AnalysisFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedQuality-Adjusted Life YearsQuality of LifeSARS-CoV-2State MedicineUnited Kingdomcost‐effectivenessCovid‐19long Covidrehabilitationself‐management

Identifiers

PMID40755156
PMCPMC12818045

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.