Evidence mapPaperPMID 40755607Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Assessing the Safety of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide in Black and Asian Populations: A Narrative Review.

Pulwasha Iftikhar, Chander P Khatri, Sri Ratna Divya Nanduri, Minahil Ramzan, Krishna Sai Kiran Sakalabaktula

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Pulwasha IftikharObstetrics and Gynecology, City University of New York, New York, USA.
Chander P KhatriInternal Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA.
Sri Ratna Divya NanduriInternal Medicine, St. Joseph's Medical Center, Stockton, USA.
Minahil RamzanInternal Medicine, Corewell Health Hospital, Dearborn, USA.
Krishna Sai Kiran SakalabaktulaBiomedical Informatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Semaglutide and tirzepatide represent new treatment modalities for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, expanding the range of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor analog while tirzepatide is a dual agonist that targets both glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 receptors. Both are effective and well-tolerated treatments for managing T2DM and obesity, but their safety and effectiveness may vary across racial and ethnic groups. South Asians and Black individuals experience disproportionately higher rates of both obesity and diabetes compared to other racial and ethnic groups. These health disparities, along with socioeconomic barriers, highlight the urgent need for research to explore how semaglutide and tirzepatide perform across diverse populations. Asian populations, such as Japanese patients, appear to experience higher rates of gastrointestinal side effects with GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide and tirzepatide compared to other groups. Additionally, South Asian adults who are older and have a lower BMI are more likely to discontinue the medication due to the heightened impact of side effects, particularly weight loss. Furthermore, Black populations also experience significant cardiovascular benefits with GLP-1 analogs, although the differences are less pronounced than in Asians. To ensure the best results, treatment plans should be tailored to the specific needs of individual patients, considering their ethnic backgrounds and socio-economic conditions, among other factors. This can be reinforced by improving patient education, offering support programs, and implementing policy changes to enhance medication adherence across diverse populations. Further research is needed to understand better how these factors vary across different populations and to optimize treatment strategies accordingly.

Indexed as

asian peopleblack populationglp-1 agonistracial disparitiessafety profilesemaglutideside effectstirzepatide

Identifiers

PMID40755607
PMCPMC12316492

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.