ArticlePalliative care and social practice2025
Sex and gender in palliative and end-of-life care: A service evaluation and qualitative analysis.
Article in Palliative care and social practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intersectionality matters: Building on analysis of sex and gender in end-of-life care.Palliative care and social practice · 2025Article
- Balancing empathy and rationality (Palliative care and social practice · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Sex and gender are determinants of health and well-being. A person's sex is assigned at birth while gender identity is culturally determined and influences many aspects of life. Little evidence exists regarding differences in the use or experience of palliative care services between people of different sex and genders in the United Kingdom. Aims: To explore differences by sex and gender in (1) time from service referral to death, (2) reason for referral, (3) preference for place of death and (4) place of death in UK hospice and community services. In addition, palliative care staff's views of the impact of sex and gender on end-of-life experiences are explored. Design: Sequential multiple methods design including a service evaluation of routinely collected data from hospices and community nursing services across the United Kingdom (January 2019 to December 2022) and a qualitative study. Quantitative data were extracted from a central database, which collated all data from SystmOne, PatientConnect and EMIS and were summarised using descriptive statistics. Focus groups were conducted with palliative care staff from Wales and Scotland and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Setting: Hospice inpatient services, community nursing teams. Results: Ninety thousand six hundred and fourteen data points were analysed. High levels of missing data were noted around gender identity, alongside other demographic characteristics. A roughly even split between male (50%) and female (47%) patients was observed. Gender identity was not reported for 25% of the sample. The majority of patients were White British (82%). No differences were noted in other variables explored. In the qualitative study, differences by gender were percieved by palliative care staff in relation to patient and carer experiences. Conclusion: Quantitative data suggest limited differences in access to care or service use while qualitative data suggest differences in experiences of palliative care between sexes and genders. To enable explorations of intersectionality, sensitive data collection is needed to support future research and service delivery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.