ArticleTherapeutic advances in neurological disorders2025
Serum glial fibrillary acid protein associates with TSPO-expressing lesions in multiple sclerosis brain.
Article in Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Role of Microglia in the Pathogenesis of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Targeting SPMS: Effect of Teriflunomide Treatment on Microglial Activation in an MS Patient Cohort at Risk of Progression. A [11C]PK11195 Brain PET Study
Multimodal Imaging of MS Reveals the Smoldering Inflammation
Effect of Cladribine Treatment on Microglial Activation in the CNS
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Retinal Neuronal Loss as Additive Prognostic Markers of Disability in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Smoldering neuroinflammation in progressive multiple sclerosis: mechanisms, imaging biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) is a promising biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression. Elevated sGFAP levels are considered to reflect ongoing astrocyte-related pathology in the central nervous system. Objectives: To study whether sGFAP levels associate with 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) availability in MS brain. TSPO is a mitochondrial molecule that is expressed by activated microglia and astrocytes. Design: Cross-sectional multimodal biomarker correlation study. Methods: We included 80 people with MS (66 relapsing-remitting and 14 progressive MS, 69% women), and 11 healthy control participants (73% women). sGFAP was measured using single molecule array (Simoa®) technology in combination with 3T magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) using a TSPO-binding [ Results: sGFAP was higher among people with progressive MS (median 122 pg/ml) compared to healthy controls (median 59 pg/ml, Conclusion: sGFAP associates with adverse magnetic resonance imaging and PET imaging outcomes. The association between a high prevalence of TSPO-expressing white matter lesions and high sGFAP suggests that lesion-associated glial activity promotes MS progression partially via astrocyte-driven mechanisms. A combination of various soluble biomarkers and PET ligands for specific cell types may add to the understanding of progression-promoting cellular mechanisms in the brain. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03134716, NCT03368677, NCT04126772, NCT04239820, https://clinicaltrials.gov.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.