Evidence mapPaperPMID 40757370Full record

ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2025

REGAIN: a randomized controlled clinical trial of oxaloacetate for improving the symptoms of long COVID.

Suzanne D Vernon, Candace Rond, Jennifer Bell, Brindisi Butler, Sara Isolampi, Annaleah Otteson, Pearl Phalwane, Samantha Mower, Shad Roundy, David L Kaufman and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Suzanne D VernonBateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Candace RondBateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Jennifer BellBateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Brindisi ButlerBateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Sara IsolampiBateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Annaleah OttesonBateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Pearl PhalwaneBateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Samantha MowerDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Shad RoundyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
David L KaufmanCenter for Complex Diseases, Seattle, WA, United States.
Alan B CashTerra Biological LLC, San Diego, CA, United States.
Lucinda BatemanBateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Long COVID is characterized by fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and other persistent symptoms. This randomized, double-blind, controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of oral oxaloacetate (OAA) in improving fatigue and cognitive function in adults with long COVID. Methods: A total of 69 participants were randomized to receive either 2,000 mg/day of OAA or the control for 42 days. The primary outcome was fatigue reduction, measured by the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ). The secondary and exploratory outcomes included the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire Short Form (DSQ-SF), health-related quality of life (RAND-36), cognitive function (Defense Automated Neurobehavioral Assessment (DANA) Brain Vital), and time upright (UP Time). Results: No significant difference in the CFQ-measured fatigue reduction was observed between the groups. However, the OAA group showed significantly greater improvements in the DSQ-SF-measured fatigue and total symptom burden at day 21 of the trial. Cognitive performance improved significantly in the OAA group, with strong correlations between symptom response and cognitive gains. OAA was well tolerated. Conclusion: OAA may contribute to earlier improvements in symptom burden and cognitive function in individuals with long COVID. Further studies are warranted.

Indexed as

cognitive impaimentfatiguelong COVIDoxaloacetaterandomized clinical trial

Identifiers

PMID40757370
PMCPMC12313680

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.