ArticleAnnals of African medicine2026
Study of Cystatin C and Renal Resistive Index in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients to Detect Early Diabetic Kidney Disease.
Article in Annals of African medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Overexpression of LINC00472 alleviates diabetic kidney disease progression via the miR-21-5p/STAT3 axis.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Potential of circulating miR-29a and miR-142-5p as biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Traditional markers such as serum creatinine and albuminuria have limited sensitivity in early disease stages. Cystatin C and renal resistive index (RRI) are emerging as sensitive early indicators.
objectivesThe study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of serum cystatin C and RRI in the early detection of renal dysfunction in T2DM patients and to evaluate their correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). MATERIALS AND
methodsA cross-sectional study involving 100 patients with T2DM was conducted. Serum cystatin C, serum creatinine, urine albumin, and eGFR (using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine-cystatin equation) were measured. Doppler ultrasonography was used to determine RRI. Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed.
resultsElevated cystatin C levels were seen in 91% of subjects, whereas only 63% had abnormal serum creatinine. RRI was raised in 62% of patients. eGFR correlated negatively with UACR ( r = -0.998), serum creatinine ( r = -0.881), RRI ( r = -0.712), and cystatin C ( r = -0.552). UACR and RRI were significant predictors of eGFR in multivariate analysis ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.030, respectively).
conclusionCystatin C and RRI provide early insights into renal dysfunction in T2DM and should be integrated with existing diagnostic parameters for improved DKD screening.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.