Evidence mapPaperPMID 40761613Full record

ArticleDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2025

Differential Effects of SGLT-2 Inhibitors on Liver Function and Nocturia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Tetsuya Kawahara, Mikio Toda, Maiko Kanagawa, Nagahiro Toyama, Gen Suzuki, Chie Kawahara, Tetsuya Inazu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Tetsuya KawaharaDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shinkomonji Hospital, Kitakyushu, 800-0057, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-1268-4871
Mikio TodaDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shinkomonji Hospital, Kitakyushu, 800-0057, Japan.
Maiko KanagawaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Shinkomonji Hospital, Kitakyushu, 800-0057, Japan.
Nagahiro ToyamaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Shinkomonji Hospital, Kitakyushu, 800-0057, Japan.
Gen SuzukiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Honaigo Medical Clinic, Kujigun, 319-3526, Japan.
Chie KawaharaFirst Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 525-0058, Japan.
Tetsuya InazuDepartment of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 807-8555, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) improve liver function as a class effect and evaluated their effect on nocturia in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Methods: A total of 135 patients with type 2 diabetes and MASLD were randomly assigned to receive tofogliflozin (20 mg/day), dapagliflozin (5 mg/day), or empagliflozin (10 mg/day). Primary outcomes included changes in liver function and fibrosis markers-various transferases, fibrosis-4 index, mac-2 binding protein glycan isomer, and shear wave speed-along with nocturia frequency. Secondary outcomes were glycemic control, body weight, and lipid profiles. Patients were followed for seven months. Results: The participants had a mean age of 61 years; 43% were female, HbA1c level was 8.7%, and the frequency of nocturia was 0.6 times. All three SGLT-2is significantly improved liver function markers, with no differences between groups. However, nocturia frequency significantly increased with empagliflozin (1.7 times) and dapagliflozin (1.9 times; both Conclusion: SGLT-2is improve liver function as a class effect, but their impact on nocturia frequency differs. Tofogliflozin, likely due to its shorter half-life, has the most favorable nocturia profile and may be preferable for patients at risk. The UMIN Clinical Trial Registry number for this study is UMIN000054278; Clinical Trials Registry date 28/04/2024.

Indexed as

metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseasenocturiasodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitorstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40761613
PMCPMC12319161

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.