Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40762070›Full record

ArticlePharmacogenetics and genomics2025

The prevalence of pharmacogenetic testing in the United States.

Annika M Czizik, Hannah Burkett, Joshua C Black, Karilynn M Rockhill, Jennifer Jewell, Andrew A Monte

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmacogenetics and genomics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Annika M CzizikRocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver and.
Hannah BurkettRocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver and.
Joshua C BlackRocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver and.
Karilynn M RockhillRocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver and.
Jennifer JewellRocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver and.
Andrew A MonteRocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver and.

Funding

Personalizing EmerGency/Acute therapeuticS Utilizing Systems biology (PEGASUS-2)R35GM152157 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI Andrew Albert Monte · 2024 to 2026
$1.2M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM152157NIH HHS 1R35GM152157
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is unknown how many people in the US have had pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing and whether people want to be tested. We conducted a nationally representative survey of the general US adult population to determine the prevalence of adults that have had PGx testing using a validated confidential online survey, the Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs Program. A weighted logistic regression was used to test health characteristics associated with PGx testing and determine those who desire to be tested. The analysis included 29 146 individuals who completed the survey, which represents approximately 260 000 000 adults in the US. The prevalence of US adults who have been PGx tested is 6.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.2-7.0]. Only 32.2% (95% CI: 31.5-32.9), an estimated 79 million individuals, desired PGx testing. Adults who had or want PGx testing were more likely to be female, have higher education, be students, current or former members of the military, use medications, and have a mental health disorder. The prevalence of adults who have been PGx tested remains low in the US. There are knowledge gaps about the benefits of PGx testing that must be bridged to increase implementation.

Indexed as

PharmacogeneticsPharmacogenomic TestingAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesYoung Adultbarriersmental healthpharmacogeneticspharmacogenomicsprevalence

Identifiers

PMID40762070
PMCPMC12558169

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.