ArticleJournal of Korean medical science2025
Correlation of Income Instability With 12 Non-Communicable Disease Risks in Korea: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of Korean medical science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association and Interaction of Neighborhood Environment and Social Factors With Blood Glucose Among Adult Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Across 15 Major Health Domains and 67 Diseases in Individuals With Depressive Disorder: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDue to the lack of comprehensive longitudinal studies examining the impact of long-term volatility on health issues, existing research primarily focused on income levels rather than fluctuation. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between income instability and a range of physical health conditions using an extensive longitudinal dataset.
methodsThis study utilized data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Ansan-Anseong cohort (2001-2022), which includes valuable confounding factors such as demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and clinical factors. Income volatility was calculated as the intra-individual standard deviation of income changes across study waves. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to assess correlations between income volatility and the risk of 12 non-communicable diseases (NCDs; hypertension, myocardial infarction [MI], coronary artery disease [CAD], cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, gout, gastric disease, renal disease, arthritis, allergic disease, and asthma).
resultsA total of 9,185 participants (mean age, 52.21; male, 47.59%) were analyzed. In the fully adjusted model, medium volatility was correlated with a higher disease risk (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.21), as similar to high volatility (1.09; 1.03-1.16). The highest risk was observed in individuals experiencing income decreases (1.61; 1.13-2.28). All health conditions examined in this study showed an increased risk correlated with higher income volatility as follows: hypertension (1.13; 1.03-1.25); MI (2.15; 1.33-3.48); CAD (1.37; 1.04-3.48); cerebrovascular disease (1.69; 1.21-2.37); hyperlipidemia (1.14; 1.01-1.28); gout (2.11; 1.12-3.95); gastric disease (1.15; 1.01-1.32); renal disease (2.28; 1.22-4.25); arthritis (1.33; 1.04-1.70); allergic disease (1.54; 1.16-2.03); asthma (1.67; 1.04-1.67).
conclusionIncome volatility, particularly income decreases and fluctuations, is significantly correlated with higher risk of chronic NCDs in South Korea. These findings underscore the need to develop interventions to mitigate financial instability, thereby improving public health outcomes.
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