Evidence mapPaperPMID 40764948Full record

SynthesisBMC pharmacology & toxicology2025

The risk of hyponatremia induced by SSRIs and SNRIs antidepressants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Yumeng Li, Xiaoyu Du, Huizhen Wu

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC pharmacology & toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Fever and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in a patient with multiple system atrophy after treatment with duloxetine.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Yumeng LiHebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
Xiaoyu DuHebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
Huizhen WuHebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China. 13582005982@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo systematically evaluate the risk differences of hyponatremia induced by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), stratify risks among individual drugs, and provide evidence-based guidance for clinical medication safety.

methodsA systematic search was conducted across the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE framework. A meta-analysis was performed to compare the event rates and odds ratios (ORs) of hyponatremia between SSRIs and SNRIs, followed by subgroup analysis and bias assessment.

resultsA total of 38 observational studies (including 30 cohort studies and 8 case-control studies) were included in this study. The overall event rate of hyponatremia with antidepressants was 6.03% (P < 0.001), with rates of 5.98% for SSRIs and 6.13% for SNRIs. Both drug classes significantly increased the risk of hyponatremia (SSRIs: OR = 2.158; SNRIs: OR = 2.270, P < 0.001), with SNRIs demonstrating a higher risk in clinically relevant hyponatremia (OR = 2.227, P < 0.001). Risk stratification among individual drugs revealed that fluoxetine (SSRIs) and venlafaxine (SNRIs) had the highest risk, while sertraline and duloxetine were associated with lower risks.

conclusionBoth SSRIs and SNRIs significantly increase the risk of hyponatremia, with SNRIs posing a slightly higher risk. Clinicians should consider individual patient characteristics when selecting lower-risk medications and enhance serum sodium monitoring in high-risk populations.

Indexed as

Antidepressive AgentsHyponatremiaSelective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsSerotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake InhibitorsHumansAntidepressive AgentsSelective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsSerotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake InhibitorsHyponatremiaSNRIsSSRIs

Identifiers

PMID40764948
PMCPMC12323117

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.