Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40765049›Full record

SynthesisBMC women's health2025

Polycystic ovary syndrome with stroke, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bita Pourahmad, Mostafa Majidnia, Nadia Saniee, Sevda Riyahifar, Yousef Moradi

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC women's health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Bita PourahmadDepartment of Nursing and Midwifery, Sa.C, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-8437-324X
Mostafa MajidniaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Moustafa.majidnia@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-954X
Nadia SanieeDepartment of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9424-1507
Sevda RiyahifarNon-communicable Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5197-1761
Yousef MoradiSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran. Yousefmoradi211@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2936-5930

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age and has been associated with increased risks of hypertension (HTN), stroke, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the magnitude and consistency of these associations remain unclear due to varying diagnostic criteria, study designs, and population characteristics.

objectiveTo systematically review and meta-analyze observational studies evaluating the association between PCOS and the risks of hypertension, stroke, and CVD.

methodsA systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL for studies published between January 1, 1990, and January 1, 2025. Eligible studies included cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional designs comparing women with and without PCOS, as defined by established criteria (Rotterdam, NIH, AES, etc.). Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using standardized checklists and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using a random-effects model.

resultsA total of 33 studies on hypertension, 10 on stroke, and 26 on CVD were included. Women with PCOS had significantly increased risk of hypertension (pooled RR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.32-1.61, I

conclusionPCOS may be linked to an increased risk of hypertension, stroke, and CVD across populations and independent of BMI. Given the high heterogeneity among included studies, these findings should be interpreted with caution. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment and management in women with PCOS. More well-designed, large-scale prospective studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms and improve risk stratification.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesHypertensionPolycystic Ovary SyndromeStrokeAdultFemaleHumansRisk FactorsCardiovascular diseaseHypertensionMeta-analysisPolycystic ovary syndromeStroke

Identifiers

PMID40765049
PMCPMC12326717

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.