ArticleResearch square2025
Latent brain subtypes of chronotype reveal unique behavioral and health profiles: an across-cohort validation.
Article in Research square, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Chronotype is shaped by the complex interplay of endogenous and exogenous factors. This trait ties into various behaviors in the wider society and is linked to the prevalence of psychiatric and metabolic conditions. Despite its multifaceted nature, prior research has treated chronotype as a monolithic trait across the population, risking overlooking substantial heterogeneity in neural and behavioral fingerprints of both early risers and night owls. To test for such hidden subgroups, we developed a supervised pattern-learning framework for trait subtyping, integrating three complementary brain-imaging modalities with deep behavior, diagnosis, and drug prescription profiling from 27,030 UK Biobank participants. We identified and characterized five distinct biologically valid chronotype subtypes: (1) typical eveningness, (2) depression-associated eveningness, (3) typical morningness, (4) morningness with greater expression in females, and (5) eveningness with greater expression in males. Each uncovered subtype showed unique patterns across brain, behavioral and health profiles. We finally externally validated these subtypes in 10,550 US children from the ABCD Study
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