Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40767910›Full record

ArticleForensic science, medicine, and pathology2025

Assessing skeletal maturity in a UK modern female population.

Marta San-Millán, Trish Holmes, Stefano De Luca, Lucina Hackman, Nicholas Márquez-Grant

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Forensic science, medicine, and pathology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Marta San-MillánMedical Sciences Department, Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience Research Group (NEOMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, 17071, Spain. m.sanmillan@udg.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4165-429X
Trish HolmesHealthcare Specialist, Public Health England, London, UK.
Stefano De LucaOrganisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1725-0853
Lucina HackmanCentre for Anatomy and Human Identification (CAHID), University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4457-9187
Nicholas Márquez-GrantCranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, College Road, Bedford, M43 0AL, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5812-6189

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe study aimed to examine the accuracy of Greulich and Pyle (GP) methodology for estimating age in a female UK sample since there is a dearth of studies testing its applicability in the UK. MATERIALS AND

methodsRadiographs from the left wrist and hand belonging to 257 female individuals from two different hospitals from the UK ranging from 10 to 17 years old were analysed. Correlation was performed between skeletal age (SA) and chronological age (CA) values as well as mean comparisons. In addition, the mean difference (MD) and mean absolute difference (MAD) between these two parameters were also examined to study inaccuracy values.

resultsA strong correlation was found between SA and CA (r = 0.887; p < 0.001). The MD between SA and CA is positive (0.51 ± 12.43 months), meaning that SA based on Greulich and Pyle atlas overestimates CA in general terms (minimum: − 40.17 months; maximum: 31.13 months). In the case of MAD, the mean value is 9.96 ± 7.44 months (minimum: 0.07 months; maximum: 40.17 months). In addition, no significant differences were found between SA and CA either in the global sample or in most of the age cohorts, with two exceptions: 14-year-olds, where mean SA was significantly higher than CA, and 16-year-olds, where the opposite results were observed.

conclusionThese results suggest that the GP atlas can be applied to the present female UK population, although caution must be taken when applied to estimating the age of post-pubertal UK girls.

Indexed as

Age Determination by SkeletonHand BonesAdolescentChildFemaleForensic AnthropologyHumansUnited KingdomAge estimationGreulich and PyleHand and wrist x-rayLegal medicineSkeletal age

Identifiers

PMID40767910
PMCPMC12799717

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.