Evidence mapPaperPMID 40768261Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2025

Stakeholder Perspectives on Trustworthy AI for Parkinson Disease Management Using a Cocreation Approach: Qualitative Exploratory Study.

Beatriz Alves, Ghada Alhussein, Sara Riggare, Therese Scott Duncan, Ali Saad, David M Lyreskog, Christos Chatzichristos, Ioannis Gerasimou, Stelios Hadjidimitriou, Leontios J Hadjileontiadis and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Beatriz AlvesFaculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9127-2991
Ghada AlhusseinFaculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6181-8306
Sara RiggareDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2256-7310
Therese Scott DuncanDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-1965
Ali SaadAINIGMA Technologies, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7353-4174
David M LyreskogNeuroscience, Ethics & Society (NEUROSEC), Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6888-6272
Christos ChatzichristosDepartment of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-5340
Ioannis GerasimouDepartment of Electrical Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0581-0785
Stelios HadjidimitriouDepartment of Electrical Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3676-6556
Leontios J HadjileontiadisDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-9302
Sofia B DiasCenter of Interdisciplinary Study of Human Perfomance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-583X
AI-PROGNOSIS Consortium *See Acknowledgments, .

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundParkinson disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorder in the world, with prevalence expected to exceed 12 million by 2040, which poses significant health care and societal challenges. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems and wearable sensors hold potential for PD diagnosis, personalized symptom monitoring, and progression prediction. Nonetheless, ethical AI adoption requires several core principles, including user trust, transparency, fairness, and human oversight.

objectiveThis study aims to explore and synthesize the perspectives of diverse stakeholders, such as individuals living with PD, health care professionals, AI experts, and bioethicists. The aim was to guide the development of AI-driven digital health solutions, emphasizing transparency, data security, fairness, and bias mitigation while ensuring robust human oversight. These efforts are part of the broader Artificial Intelligence-Based Parkinson's Disease Risk Assessment and Prognosis (AI-PROGNOSIS) European project, dedicated to advancing ethical and effective AI applications in PD diagnosis and management.

methodsAn exploratory qualitative approach, based on 2 datasets constructed from cocreation workshops, engaged key stakeholders with diverse expertise to gather insights, ensuring a broad range of perspectives and enriching the thematic analysis. A total of 24 participants participated in the cocreation workshops, including 11 (46%) people with PD, 6 (25%) health care professionals, 3 (13%) AI technical experts, 1 (4%) bioethics expert, and 3 (13%) facilitators. Using a semistructured guide, key aspects of the discussion centered on trust, fairness, explainability, autonomy, and the psychological impact of AI in PD care.

resultsThematic analysis of the cocreation workshop transcripts identified 5 key main themes, each explored through various corresponding subthemes. AI trust and security (theme 1) was highlighted, focusing on data safety and the accuracy and reliability of the AI systems. AI transparency and education (theme 2) emphasized the need for educational initiatives and the importance of transparency and explainability of AI technologies. AI bias (theme 3) was identified as a critical theme, addressing issues of bias and fairness and ensuring equitable access to AI-driven health care solutions. Human oversight (theme 4) stressed the significance of AI-human collaboration and the essential role of human review in AI processes. Finally, AI's psychological impact (theme 5) examined the emotional impact of AI on patients and how AI is perceived in the context of PD care.

conclusionsOur findings underline the importance of implementing robust security measures, developing transparent and explainable AI models, reinforcing bias mitigation and reduction strategies and equitable access to treatment, integrating human oversight, and considering the psychological impact of AI-assisted health care. These insights provide actionable guidance for developing trustworthy and effective AI-driven digital PD diagnosis and management solutions.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceParkinson DiseaseStakeholder ParticipationTrustHumansQualitative Researchadvanced care strategiesartificial intelligenceassessmentcocreationdigital health care solutionsdisease riskParkinson disease managementprognosisstakeholder insightstrust in AI systems

Identifiers

PMID40768261
PMCPMC12368464

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.