Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40768558›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases2025

Rurality and Delayed Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis-A Single-Center Experience.

Ruoning Ni, Aleksander Lenert, Bharat Kumar

Abstract read
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Article in Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ruoning NiDivision of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA.ORCID 0000-0002-6463-4796
Aleksander Lenert

Funding

Investigating Disease Activity, Bone Damage and Interleukin-1 Genes in Adult SAPHO Syndrome and Chronic Nonbacterial OsteomyelitisK23AR082966 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI Aleksander Lenert · 2023 to 2026
$670k
NIAMS NIH HHS K23 AR082966
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe study objectives were to compare the characteristics of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) from nonrural and rural areas and to identify factors associated with delayed GCA diagnosis.

methodsIn this historical cross-sectional analysis, adults meeting the 2022 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology GCA classification criteria and followed at the University of Iowa rheumatology clinics from 2/1/2000 to 2/7/2024 were included. Geographic categories were defined using the 2010 Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes. Characteristics of nonrural (RUCA 1-3) and rural (RUCA 4-10) GCA patient groups were compared. Bivariable analyses were performed between each predictor and time to GCA diagnosis with simple linear regression. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to identify the best predictors of time to GCA diagnosis.

resultsIn total, 317 subjects with GCA were included in this study (mean age, 72 years; 74.8% women). Nonrural (n = 172) and rural (n = 145) subjects had similar disease manifestations, including abrupt headache, vision loss, and jaw claudication. The mean time to GCA diagnosis was significantly longer in rural compared with nonrural GCA subjects (130 ± 185 vs. 45 ± 45 days, p  < 0.0001). A significantly higher rate of hospitalizations was observed among rural subjects (24.1% vs. 12.2%, p  = 0.0075). Bivariable analyses identified 4 variables associated with time to GCA diagnosis. In multivariable linear regression analyses, RUCA code (β = 13.99, 95% confidence interval, 9.23 to 18.75), age, and headache provided the best fit (adjusted R2  = 0.1196, Akaike corrected information criterion = 3082, p  < 0.001).

conclusionRurality was identified as the strongest predictor of delayed diagnosis in GCA. Rural patients also experienced delays in undergoing temporal artery biopsy and a higher proportion of hospitalizations.

Indexed as

Delayed DiagnosisGiant Cell ArteritisRural PopulationAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIowaMaleMiddle Ageddiagnosisgeographic disparitiesgiant cell arteritis

Identifiers

PMID40768558
PMCPMC12329242

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.