ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2025
Association between cardiovascular disease and peripheral arterial disease implications for patient safety.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Association Between Abnormal Electrocardiogram Findings and the Ankle Brachial Index.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCurrently, there is insufficient evidence available to fully understand the correlation between cardiovascular disease(CVD) and peripheral arterial disease(PAD). The association between CVD and PAD holds significant importance within the realms of both healthcare and public health.The primary aim of this study is to elucidate the impact of CVD on PAD and to examine the examine the clinical implications of this association for preventive strategies.
methodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, encompassing 6123 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of the United States spanning the years 1999 to 2004. Data on demographics including age, gender, race, education level, marital status, poverty income ratio, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), hypertension and diabetes status were collected from all participants. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to quantify the independent association between CVD and PAD risk while adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical confounders.
resultsThe mean age of the selected participants was 59.9 ± 13.0 years, with 51.2% of them being male. Multivariable analysis revealed a clinically significant 54% increase in PAD risk among CVD patients (adjusted OR = 1.54, 95%CI = 1.20-1.99; P = 0.001), indicating a strong positive association. Subgroup analyses testing age (< 65/≥65 years), sex, educational level, marital status, poverty income ratio, physical activity, smoking status, hypertension and diabetes status showed no effect modification (all P-interaction > 0.05).
conclusionsThis analysis has demonstrated a notable link between CVD and the likelihood of developing PAD, independent of other influencing factors. These results highlight the necessity of focusing on cardiovascular health to prevent the onset of PAD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.