ReviewDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2025
Comparative risk of cancer associated with SGLT inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Gastric Neoplasm Risk with DPP-4 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and SGLT2 Inhibitors: Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and obesity-associated cancers in people with type 2 diabetes: A real-world observational study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Observational
- Metabolic Concepts of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors-Based Therapies Against Hepatocarcinogenesis and Therapy Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors as Emerging Anticancer Agents.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Review
- Pharmacological mechanisms and clinical impacts of antidiabetic drugs on colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Clinical efficacy, safety, and predictors of treatment response to SGLT2 versus DPP-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective comparative study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Synthetic Flozins in Cancer Prevention and Combination Strategies: Structural Insights and Therapeutic Potential.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the overall and site-specific cancer risk associated with SGLT2i versus DPP4i in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
methodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for cohort studies comparing cancer incidence in adult type 2 diabetes patients treated with SGLT2i versus DPP4i. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model due to significant heterogeneity (I²). Subgroup analyses by cancer type and publication bias assessment were performed.
resultsSeventeen cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, SGLT2i use was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident cancer compared to DPP4i use (Pooled RR = 0.77, 95%CI:0.70-0.84; I²=81.6%). Subgroup analyses revealed significantly lower risks for liver (RR = 0.76), lung (RR = 0.87), and prostate (RR = 0.75) cancers with SGLT2i. Trends towards lower risk were observed for colorectal (RR = 0.80) and stomach (RR = 0.69) cancers. No significant differences were found for bladder, breast, or pancreatic cancer risk.
conclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors are associated with a reduced overall risk of cancer compared to DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly for liver, lung, and prostate cancers. However, these findings are based on observational data with significant heterogeneity and varying follow-up times, requiring additional long-term research to confirm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.