Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40770764›Full record

ReviewMolecular neurodegeneration2025

A manifesto for Alzheimer's disease drug discovery in the era of disease-modifying therapies.

Heike Hering, Thierry Bussiere, Chia-Chen Liu, Kelly E Glajch, Andreas Weihofen, Jane Grogan, Dominic M Walsh

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular neurodegeneration, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Cross-disease protein aggregate interactions in neurodegeneration: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Review
  3. Anatomy of a Setback: A Taxonomy of Clinical Trial Failures in Alzheimer's Disease and Strategic Lessons for the Future.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. APOE*4 risk-modifying genes and drug targets in Alzheimer's disease through cell-type-specific genomic analyses.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  8. Dementia etiology classification using NULISA plasma biomarkers and machine learning.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
    Article
  14. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Heike HeringNeurodegeneration Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Thierry BussiereNeurodegeneration Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Chia-Chen LiuNeurodegeneration Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Kelly E GlajchNeurodegeneration Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Andreas WeihofenNeurodegeneration Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Jane GroganNeurodegeneration Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Dominic M WalshNeurodegeneration Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. dwalsh3@bwh.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-0446-7308

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

After decades of disappointment, three disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been approved since 2021. Burgeoning clinical data on these amyloid β-protein (Aβ) targeting drugs validate the amyloid cascade hypothesis as a molecular roadmap for the development of yet more effective therapeutics and offer a template for drugging other AD-associated aggregation-prone proteins. While there remains much to be learned about the molecular pathology of AD, the current state of knowledge is sufficient to expedite the delivery of new drugs. Mindful of the urgent need of patients, we recommend prioritizing efforts in four directions: finishing the job on Aβ, accelerating and diversifying efforts on tau, and expanding discovery on apolipoprotein E and ⍺-synuclein. For each target, we explain the scientific premise, current efforts, and possible new approaches. In the short- and medium-term, we advocate focusing on the technical innovations required to better drug these already well validated targets. While the focus of this review is on expediating development of monotherapies, the subsequent approval of such agents will enable add-on or combination approaches best suited to individual patients.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseDrug DiscoveryAmyloid beta-PeptidesAnimalsHumanstau ProteinsAmyloid beta-Peptidestau ProteinsAggregation inhibitorsAmyloid β-proteinAntisense oligonucleotidesApolipoprotein EBrain shuttlesGene therapyImmunotherapyProtein degradersSmall interfering RNA⍺-synucleinTau

Identifiers

PMID40770764
PMCPMC12326716

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.