ArticleStem cell research & therapy2025
Palmitate enhances MSC immunomodulation of human macrophages via the ceramide/CCL2 axis in vitro.
Article in Stem cell research & therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The PPARβ/Delta-Induced Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome Has Cytoprotective Effects via ANGPTL4 in a Pre-Clinical Model of Acute Lung Inflammation.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Application of stem cells in the precise diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
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5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe immunomodulatory function of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) strongly depends on external factors; such as cytokines and other signalling molecules encountered in the disease microenvironment. An insufficiently inflammatory environment can fail to activate MSCs, and certain signals can impair their function. Obesity is on the rise worldwide, making it an additional factor to be considered prior to MSC therapy, as the microenvironment presents its own challenges. Elevated levels of serum free fatty acids, specifically palmitate, have the potential to affect MSC therapy. Palmitate-exposure has been shown to impair MSC immunomodulation of T cells in vitro. However, this is yet to be studied in the context of macrophages.
methodsMSCs from three independent donors were exposed to 0.4mM of palmitate for 6-24 h. Gene expression, protein production and functional capacity were then assessed in response to palmitate. A ceramide synthesis inhibitor (Fumonisin B1) and a CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)-neutralising antibody were further used to assess the impact of these components on palmitate-associated immunomodulation.
resultsWe demonstrated that palmitate-exposed MSCs have enhanced suppression of human monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) production of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), in a CCL2-dependent manner. We further elucidated parts of the pathway, such as ceramide synthesis, through which palmitate promotes this enhanced immunomodulation of macrophages.
conclusionPalmitate-exposed MSCs show enhanced immunomodulation of human MDMs, through the ceramide/CCL2 axis in vitro.
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