Evidence mapPaperPMID 40771439Full record

ArticleDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2025

Waist-to-Height Ratio - Reference Values and Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Russian Adult Population.

Kamila Kholmatova, Alexandra Krettek, Irina V Dvoryashina, Sofia Malyutina, Sarah Cook, Ekaterina Avdeeva, Alexander V Kudryavtsev

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Article in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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7 authors.

Kamila KholmatovaDepartment of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-5240-6470
Alexandra KrettekDepartment of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-4583-9315
Irina V DvoryashinaDepartment of Hospital Therapy and Endocrinology, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia.ORCID 0000-0001-9230-0710
Sofia MalyutinaScientific Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.ORCID 0000-0001-6539-0466
Sarah CookSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1250-2967
Ekaterina AvdeevaScientific Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.ORCID 0000-0001-9043-3042
Alexander V KudryavtsevInternational Research Competence Centre, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia.ORCID 0000-0001-8902-8947

Funding

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is an anthropometric index with limited data on its population distribution. The aim was to establish WHtR reference values and investigate WHtR associations with socio-demographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics in Russian adults. Methods: We used data from the population-based cross-sectional Know Your Heart study (2015-2018, Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk, N = 4495, 58.1% of women, 35-69 years, mean age 54.0). Age-adjusted WHtR reference values for the total study population and by sex were modeled as marginal 5th-95th percentiles (P5-P95) through quantile regressions. WHtR associations with cardiovascular biomarkers were assessed using linear regressions. Results: The conventional WHtR threshold of 0.5 for abdominal obesity was the value of P25, while P50 and P75 values were 0.54 and 0.60. In ages 35-49 years, P5-P50 values were higher in men. In the age group 60-69 years, P25-P95 values were higher in women. In both sexes, WHtR was associated with age, city of residence, not having university education and low physical activity; in women - with poor financial situation, in men - with being married, non-smoking and hazardous drinking. Among clinical parameters, C-reactive protein had the strongest positive association with WHtR in both sexes, while HDL cholesterol had the strongest negative association. Each standard deviation (SD) change in ln-transformed C-reactive protein was associated with 0.435 and 0.321 SD increase in WHtR in women and men, respectively. One SD increase in HDL cholesterol was associated with -0.334 SD change in WHtR in women and with corresponding change of -0.297 SD in men. In women, WHtR had stronger associations with age, university education, poor financial situation, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, and ln-transformed C-reactive protein, in men - with being married, current smoking, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol, and HbA1c. Conclusion: Three-quarters of the study population had WHtR values exceeding the conventional threshold for abdominal obesity. Men and women differed in the WHtR associations with socio-demographic and lifestyle risk factors, biomarkers of inflammation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. WHtR is a useful cardiovascular risk indicator in a Russian adult population.

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obesityreference valuesRussiawaist-to-height ratio

Identifiers

PMID40771439
PMCPMC12324953

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