ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Unlocking the potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists in ocular therapeutics: from molecular pathways to clinical impact.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Older Adults With Obesity: A Target Trial Emulation.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Progress on the mechanism of Piezo1 in mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Calcium at the Helm: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in the Retinal Neurovascular Unit.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Beyond Glycemic Control: Ocular Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Novel CRYBB2 Splicing Mutation Is Associated With Lens Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Vascular Alterations in Congenital Cataract.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Ocular Disease: Mechanisms, Evidence and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogs Associated with a Reduced Risk of Legal Blindness in Type 2 Diabetics with Cardiovascular Risks.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Early proteomic and metabolomic signatures in diabetes associated with progression to diabetic retinopathy over 1-2 years.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), initially developed for diabetes and obesity, exhibit pleiotropic effects-including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties-that position them as transformative candidates for ocular therapeutics. Ocular diseases such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are driven by multifactorial pathogenesis. Current therapies often target specific pathways or symptoms, and the potential effect of GLP-1RAs on the eye is still debated. The latest research and trials on the effect of GLP-1RAs in the eye were searched until April 2025, including thorough cellular studies, animal studies, and clinical observation surrounding glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and other ocular diseases. This review delineates the multifaceted mechanisms by which GLP-1RAs exert ocular benefits, including retinal ganglion cell (RGC) rescue via calcium channel and GABAergic modulation, mitochondrial protection through PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and ERK1/2-HDAC6 signaling, as well as potent anti-inflammatory effects via cytokine reduction and immune cell recruitment inhibition. Moreover, GLP-1RAs contribute to retinal remodeling by stabilizing vascular integrity and extracellular matrix homeostasis, and they display anti-angiogenic properties critical for mitigating neovascular complications. Clinical evidence underscores a reduced incidence of glaucoma and potential benefits in diabetic retinopathy. However, conflicting evidence highlights context-dependent risks, such as early DR worsening in poorly controlled glycemic states. In conclusion, this review synthesizes molecular insights and clinical evidence to underscore GLP-1RAs' potential as multi-targeted disease-modifying agents, urging further research to translate preclinical promise into safe, effective ocular therapies.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.