ArticleEnvironmental justice (Print)2023
Drinking Water Disparities in North Carolina Communities Served by Private Wells.
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Article in Environmental justice (Print), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8citing papers in PubMed
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Groundwater compliant with drinking water standards poses a "silent risk" of cumulative health hazards.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2026Article
- Predicting arsenic and manganese contamination in private well water with Machine Learning: An integrated analysis of geologic, well construction, and permitting data.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Responding after Hurricane Helene: Rapidly Estimating Impacts to Environmental Health Services in North Carolina.Environmental science & technology letters · 2025Article
- Exploring Demographic Disparities in Private Well Water Testing in North Carolina.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Earth Observation Data to Support Environmental Justice: Linking Non-Permitted Poultry Operations to Social Vulnerability Indices.GeoHealth · 2024Article
- Invited Perspective: The All About Arsenic Program-A Blueprint for Leveraging Youth Engagement to Advance Water Justice.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Using Inundation Extents to Predict Microbial Contamination in Private Wells after Flooding Events.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Private Well Water Safety: Practical Counseling Strategies for Primary Care.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFMReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Andrew GeorgeDr. Andrew George is the Community Engagement Coordinator at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kathleen M. Gray is Research Associate Professor at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kory Wait is Graduate Research Assistant at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Daniel Gallagher is Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Marc Edwards is the University Distinguished Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Jefferson Currie is Lumber Riverkeeper at Winyah Rivers Alliance, Lumber Riverkeeper, Robeson, County, North Carolina, USA. Judy Hogan is the Chair of Chatham Citizens Against Goal Ash Dumps, Moncure, North Carolina, USA. Alfred W. Kwasikpui is retired judge, co-chairperson of Northampton Citizens Against Coal Ash, Jackson, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kelsey J. Pieper is Assistant Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kathleen GrayDr. Andrew George is the Community Engagement Coordinator at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kathleen M. Gray is Research Associate Professor at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kory Wait is Graduate Research Assistant at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Daniel Gallagher is Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Marc Edwards is the University Distinguished Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Jefferson Currie is Lumber Riverkeeper at Winyah Rivers Alliance, Lumber Riverkeeper, Robeson, County, North Carolina, USA. Judy Hogan is the Chair of Chatham Citizens Against Goal Ash Dumps, Moncure, North Carolina, USA. Alfred W. Kwasikpui is retired judge, co-chairperson of Northampton Citizens Against Coal Ash, Jackson, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kelsey J. Pieper is Assistant Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kory WaitDr. Andrew George is the Community Engagement Coordinator at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kathleen M. Gray is Research Associate Professor at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kory Wait is Graduate Research Assistant at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Daniel Gallagher is Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Marc Edwards is the University Distinguished Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Jefferson Currie is Lumber Riverkeeper at Winyah Rivers Alliance, Lumber Riverkeeper, Robeson, County, North Carolina, USA. Judy Hogan is the Chair of Chatham Citizens Against Goal Ash Dumps, Moncure, North Carolina, USA. Alfred W. Kwasikpui is retired judge, co-chairperson of Northampton Citizens Against Coal Ash, Jackson, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kelsey J. Pieper is Assistant Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Daniel GallagherDr. Andrew George is the Community Engagement Coordinator at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kathleen M. Gray is Research Associate Professor at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kory Wait is Graduate Research Assistant at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Daniel Gallagher is Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Marc Edwards is the University Distinguished Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Jefferson Currie is Lumber Riverkeeper at Winyah Rivers Alliance, Lumber Riverkeeper, Robeson, County, North Carolina, USA. Judy Hogan is the Chair of Chatham Citizens Against Goal Ash Dumps, Moncure, North Carolina, USA. Alfred W. Kwasikpui is retired judge, co-chairperson of Northampton Citizens Against Coal Ash, Jackson, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kelsey J. Pieper is Assistant Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Marc EdwardsDr. Andrew George is the Community Engagement Coordinator at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kathleen M. Gray is Research Associate Professor at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kory Wait is Graduate Research Assistant at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Daniel Gallagher is Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Marc Edwards is the University Distinguished Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Jefferson Currie is Lumber Riverkeeper at Winyah Rivers Alliance, Lumber Riverkeeper, Robeson, County, North Carolina, USA. Judy Hogan is the Chair of Chatham Citizens Against Goal Ash Dumps, Moncure, North Carolina, USA. Alfred W. Kwasikpui is retired judge, co-chairperson of Northampton Citizens Against Coal Ash, Jackson, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kelsey J. Pieper is Assistant Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Jefferson CurrieDr. Andrew George is the Community Engagement Coordinator at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kathleen M. Gray is Research Associate Professor at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kory Wait is Graduate Research Assistant at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Daniel Gallagher is Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Marc Edwards is the University Distinguished Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Jefferson Currie is Lumber Riverkeeper at Winyah Rivers Alliance, Lumber Riverkeeper, Robeson, County, North Carolina, USA. Judy Hogan is the Chair of Chatham Citizens Against Goal Ash Dumps, Moncure, North Carolina, USA. Alfred W. Kwasikpui is retired judge, co-chairperson of Northampton Citizens Against Coal Ash, Jackson, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kelsey J. Pieper is Assistant Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Judy HoganDr. Andrew George is the Community Engagement Coordinator at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kathleen M. Gray is Research Associate Professor at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kory Wait is Graduate Research Assistant at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Daniel Gallagher is Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Marc Edwards is the University Distinguished Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Jefferson Currie is Lumber Riverkeeper at Winyah Rivers Alliance, Lumber Riverkeeper, Robeson, County, North Carolina, USA. Judy Hogan is the Chair of Chatham Citizens Against Goal Ash Dumps, Moncure, North Carolina, USA. Alfred W. Kwasikpui is retired judge, co-chairperson of Northampton Citizens Against Coal Ash, Jackson, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kelsey J. Pieper is Assistant Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Alfred W KwasikpuiDr. Andrew George is the Community Engagement Coordinator at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kathleen M. Gray is Research Associate Professor at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kory Wait is Graduate Research Assistant at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Daniel Gallagher is Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Marc Edwards is the University Distinguished Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Jefferson Currie is Lumber Riverkeeper at Winyah Rivers Alliance, Lumber Riverkeeper, Robeson, County, North Carolina, USA. Judy Hogan is the Chair of Chatham Citizens Against Goal Ash Dumps, Moncure, North Carolina, USA. Alfred W. Kwasikpui is retired judge, co-chairperson of Northampton Citizens Against Coal Ash, Jackson, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kelsey J. Pieper is Assistant Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kelsey J PieperDr. Andrew George is the Community Engagement Coordinator at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kathleen M. Gray is Research Associate Professor at Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kory Wait is Graduate Research Assistant at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Daniel Gallagher is Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Dr. Marc Edwards is the University Distinguished Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA. Jefferson Currie is Lumber Riverkeeper at Winyah Rivers Alliance, Lumber Riverkeeper, Robeson, County, North Carolina, USA. Judy Hogan is the Chair of Chatham Citizens Against Goal Ash Dumps, Moncure, North Carolina, USA. Alfred W. Kwasikpui is retired judge, co-chairperson of Northampton Citizens Against Coal Ash, Jackson, North Carolina, USA. Dr. Kelsey J. Pieper is Assistant Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Funding
The UNC Chapel Hill Superfund Research Program (UNC-SRP)P42ES031007 · NIEHS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Rebecca Fry · 2020 to 2026
$22.2MNIEHS NIH HHS P42 ES031007
Abstract
Background: In the United States, most private wells are not tested for contaminants, especially in low-income communities, unless state or local testing regulations have been enacted. Few studies have addressed whether Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color (BIPOC) experience similar burden disparities in testing and private well stewardship. Methods: Focusing on four North Carolina regions impacted by 2018 hurricanes (Florence and Michael), researchers and community-based organizations partnered to assess: (1) contamination levels of metals in private wells and (2) differences in water quality and well stewardship among demographic groups. Results: Well tests revealed contamination exceeding a federal or state standard or public health goal in more than 67% of the samples. Of 476 private well users enrolled in this study, 44% ( Discussion: In this study, private well testing and treatment levels were significantly predicted by race and income ( Conclusions: Well-reliant populations in socially and economically marginalized communities will likely remain unaware of potential exposure to contaminated drinking water absent focused efforts to encourage well testing and treatment.
Indexed as
drinking waterenvironmental justicemetal contaminationprivate wellstesting
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What Socratic holds
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Registered trials
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