ArticleScience advances2025
In situ-formed immunotherapeutic hydrogel containing sphingosine-1-phosphate for enhanced lung cancer immunotherapy.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Decoding the S1P-S1PR axis in cancer: Mechanisms, pathways and therapeutic horizons (Review).Biomedical reports · 2026Review
- Review
- Nanoparticles that modulate immune cells - an important strategy for the future treatment of tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Recent advances in hydrogel-based therapeutics for lung cancer.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester alleviates 1,2-dichloroethane-induced toxic cerebral edema: central and peripheral mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Limited infiltration of immune cells within tumors restricts the therapeutic efficiency of immune checkpoint blockades. Herein, we discover that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is down-regulated in patients with lung cancer who do not respond to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Our findings indicate that S1P gradient enhances the migration and viability of immune cells and promotes the polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype primarily through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-activated nuclear factor κB and Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathways. To capitalize on these findings, we used a biodegradable sodium alginate hydrogel as a delivery system for the sustained and sequential release of S1P and anti-PD-L1 (αPDL1). In vivo studies demonstrated that S1P-αPDL1@Gel effectively inhibited tumor growth and reduced the recurrence of local tumors after surgery. Additionally, the hydrogel significantly enhanced the infiltration of dendritic cells, M1 macrophages, CD4
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