ArticleJournal of religion and health2025
Factors Associated with Mental and Behavioral Health Programming in U.S. Rural, Urban and Suburban Congregations.
Article in Journal of religion and health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pastoral Authority and Spiritual Harm: Evangelii Gaudium and an Ethics of Pastoral Responsibility in Mental Health.Journal of religion and health · 2026Article
- Adult Community Perspectives on Improving Rural Youth Access to Mental Health Services: A Participatory Group Concept Mapping Study.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the United States (U.S.), rural residents experience poorer mental health outcomes and more barriers to accessing mental health care than urban residents. Faith-based institutions provide mental and behavioral health programming that can fill gaps in accessibility to mental health care. This study's primary objective was to examine specific factors associated with mental and behavioral health programming in rural, urban and suburban congregations. Data come from 1,262 U.S. congregations in the 2018-2019 National Congregations Study. We conducted logistic regression models to analyze the relationship between mental health programming and support and county classification, while controlling for sociodemographic and sociopolitical factors. We found that urban and suburban congregations with more than 500 attendees were more likely than smaller congregations to provide mental and behavioral health programming and support (OR = 3.43, p < 0.001). Urban and suburban congregations that made an effort to get people registered to vote (OR = 5.36, p < 0.01) and discussed science and religion (OR = 3.16, p < 0.05) were more likely to provide programming and support. Rural congregations (OR = 4.37, p < 0.05) and urban and suburban congregations (OR = 2.61, p < 0.05) that followed the prosperity gospel were also more likely to provide programming and support. While urban and suburban congregations are more likely to provide mental health programming and support than rural congregations, several complex sociodemographic, sociopolitical, and health-related characteristics impact the likelihood of providing mental health programs. Further research is needed to examine the quality and utilization of congregational mental health programming and/or support by rural, suburban and urban residents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.