Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40782885›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2025

Predictors of Glaucoma Conversion in an African Ancestry Cohort: A Longitudinal Study.

Aaron T Zhao, Isabel Di Rosa, Rebecca Salowe, Fangming Jin, Roy Lee, Marine-Ayan Ibrahim Aibo, Mina Halimitabrizi, Caven Chow, Yan Zhu, Victoria Addis and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Aaron T ZhaoFrom the Center for Genetics of Complex Disease (A.T.Z., I.D.R., R.S., R.L., M-A.I.A., M.H., C.C., Y.Z., V.A., P.S.S., J.M.O), Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Isabel Di RosaFrom the Center for Genetics of Complex Disease (A.T.Z., I.D.R., R.S., R.L., M-A.I.A., M.H., C.C., Y.Z., V.A., P.S.S., J.M.O), Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Rebecca SaloweFrom the Center for Genetics of Complex Disease (A.T.Z., I.D.R., R.S., R.L., M-A.I.A., M.H., C.C., Y.Z., V.A., P.S.S., J.M.O), Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Fangming JinCenter for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics (F.J., G-S.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Roy LeeFrom the Center for Genetics of Complex Disease (A.T.Z., I.D.R., R.S., R.L., M-A.I.A., M.H., C.C., Y.Z., V.A., P.S.S., J.M.O), Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Marine-Ayan Ibrahim AiboFrom the Center for Genetics of Complex Disease (A.T.Z., I.D.R., R.S., R.L., M-A.I.A., M.H., C.C., Y.Z., V.A., P.S.S., J.M.O), Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Mina HalimitabriziFrom the Center for Genetics of Complex Disease (A.T.Z., I.D.R., R.S., R.L., M-A.I.A., M.H., C.C., Y.Z., V.A., P.S.S., J.M.O), Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Caven ChowFrom the Center for Genetics of Complex Disease (A.T.Z., I.D.R., R.S., R.L., M-A.I.A., M.H., C.C., Y.Z., V.A., P.S.S., J.M.O), Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Yan ZhuFrom the Center for Genetics of Complex Disease (A.T.Z., I.D.R., R.S., R.L., M-A.I.A., M.H., C.C., Y.Z., V.A., P.S.S., J.M.O), Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Victoria AddisFrom the Center for Genetics of Complex Disease (A.T.Z., I.D.R., R.S., R.L., M-A.I.A., M.H., C.C., Y.Z., V.A., P.S.S., J.M.O), Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Prithvi S SankarFrom the Center for Genetics of Complex Disease (A.T.Z., I.D.R., R.S., R.L., M-A.I.A., M.H., C.C., Y.Z., V.A., P.S.S., J.M.O), Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Gui-Shuang YingCenter for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics (F.J., G-S.Y.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Joan M O'BrienFrom the Center for Genetics of Complex Disease (A.T.Z., I.D.R., R.S., R.L., M-A.I.A., M.H., C.C., Y.Z., V.A., P.S.S., J.M.O), Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: joan.o'brien@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.

Funding

Scientific TransparencyP30EY001583 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI CLAIRE H MITCHELL · 1985 to 2026
$19.5M
Primary Open Angle African-American Glaucoma Genetics Study RenewalR01EY023557 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI O'BRIEN, JOAN M · 2014 to 2025
$18.1M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY001583NEI NIH HHS R01 EY023557
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo identify risk factors associated with conversion from glaucoma suspect to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in individuals of African ancestry.

designProspective case-control study. SUBJECTS: A total of 330 glaucoma suspects from the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics study with a median follow-up of 6.71 (IQR: 3.73-9.72) years. Participants were recruited from ophthalmology clinics in Philadelphia between July 2010 and August 2024.

methodsParticipants were classified as glaucoma suspects using quantitative adaptations of the American Academy of Ophthalmology definition if they met at least one of the following criteria: (1) elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), (2) suspicious optic nerve head or retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) appearance, or (3) suspicious visual field results. POAG was defined as the development of characteristic glaucomatous optic nerve damage with corresponding visual field defects. Demographic, clinical, and ocular parameters were measured at baseline and during follow-up examinations.

main outcome measuresConversion from glaucoma suspect to POAG. Risk factors were assessed using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models.

resultsDuring the follow-up period, 45 (13.6%) out of 330 glaucoma suspects converted to POAG cases. In multivariate analysis, 3 factors were significantly associated with increased risk of POAG conversion: elevated IOP (≥21 mmHg) (HR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.20-5.17; P = .01), absence of hypertension (HR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.18-4.85; P = .02), and presence of myopia (≤-0.5D) (HR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.08-5.14; P = .03). Univariate analysis revealed associations between RNFL characteristics and conversion risk, including greater inter-eye difference in RNFL thickness.

conclusionsIn glaucoma suspects of African ancestry, higher risk of POAG conversion is independently associated with higher IOP, absence of hypertension, and presence of myopia. These findings can inform targeted screening and management strategies for this high-risk population. The unexpected association between absence of hypertension and increased conversion risk warrants further investigation into the complex relationship between systemic blood pressure and glaucoma pathogenesis in individuals of African ancestry.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanGlaucoma, Open-AngleIntraocular PressureOcular HypertensionVisual FieldsAgedCase-Control StudiesDisease ProgressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedNerve FibersOptic DiskProspective Studies

Identifiers

PMID40782885
PMCPMC12969997

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.