Evidence mapPaperPMID 40784663Full record

ArticleAppetite2026

Early life food insecurity in male rats impairs memory function during adulthood.

Alicia E Kao, Olivia P Moody, Emily E Noble, Kevin P Myers, Scott E Kanoski, Anna M R Hayes

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Appetite, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Alicia E KaoDepartment of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0372, USA.
Olivia P MoodyDepartment of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0372, USA.
Emily E NobleDepartment of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, GA, 30606, USA.
Kevin P MyersDepartment of Psychology and Programs in Animal Behavior and Neuroscience, O'Leary Center, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, USA.
Scott E KanoskiDepartment of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0372, USA. Electronic address: kanoski@usc.edu.
Anna M R HayesDepartment of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF-252, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0372, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, 100 Wiegand Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA. Electronic address: anna.hayes@oregonstate.edu.

Funding

Diet and the neurodevelopment of impulsivityR01DK140275 · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA · 2025 to 2025
$595k
Interactions between diet and cognitionR01DK123423 · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · 2025 to 2025
$549k
NIA NIH HHS F32 AG077932NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK123423NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK140275
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Approximately 14% of U.S. households are food insecure. The neurocognitive and metabolic impacts of unpredictable food access during early-life periods of development are poorly understood. To address these gaps we devised a novel rat model of food insecurity to control the timing, type, and quantity of accessible food using programmable feeders. Male rats were divided into 3 groups: Secure-chow (SC), a control group given 100% of daily estimated caloric intake, distributed evenly across 4 daily meals of standard chow at set mealtimes; Secure-mixed (SM), a 2nd control group identical to the SC group except that the food type predictably alternated daily between chow and a high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFHS); and Insecure-mixed (IM), the experimental group given randomly alternating daily access to either chow or HFHS at either 85% or 115% of daily estimated caloric intake, distributed evenly across 3 daily meals with unpredictable mealtimes. These feeding schedules were implemented from postnatal days (PNs) 26-45, after which all groups received chow ad libitum. Metabolic assessments performed in adulthood revealed no group differences in caloric intake, body weight, or body composition when maintained on either chow (PN46-149) or a cafeteria diet (PN150-174). Behavioral measures (PN66-126) revealed no group differences in anxiety-like, exploratory, or impulsive behavior (zero maze, open field, differential reinforcement of low rates of responding procedures). However, the IM group exhibited hippocampus-dependent memory impairments compared to both control groups in the novel location recognition test. These findings suggest that early-life food insecurity may contribute to long-term impairments in memory function.

Indexed as

Food InsecurityMemoryMemory DisordersAnimalsBody WeightDiet, High-FatEnergy IntakeFeeding BehaviorMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyAdolescentFood desertFood insecureHippocampusHungerJuvenileMemoryObesity

Identifiers

PMID40784663
PMCPMC12494189

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.