ArticleCureus2025
Impact of Dietary Habits on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPoor glycemic control remains a major challenge in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Pakistan, increasing the risk of complications. Dietary habits are a key modifiable factor influencing glycemic outcomes, yet evidence specific to the Pakistani population remains limited.
objectiveTo evaluate the association between dietary habits and glycemic control among patients with T2DM attending a tertiary care hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and to provide culturally and economically relevant insights to inform dietary recommendations. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Endocrinology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, over 12 months. A total of 177 adults with T2DM were recruited using consecutive non-probability sampling. Dietary patterns were assessed using a culturally adapted, structured Food Frequency Questionnaire, and glycemic control was determined by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), with <7% considered good control. Associations between dietary variables and glycemic control were analyzed using Chi-square tests, t-tests/ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders.
resultsAmong the 177 participants (mean age 54 ± 10.6 years; 55% female), 118 (66.7%) had poor glycemic control. High sugar intake (more than two servings/day) was significantly associated with higher mean HbA1c (8.6 ± 1.7%) compared to low sugar intake (less than one serving/day; 7.5 ± 1.1%, p = 0.011). Inadequate fiber intake (less than five servings/day) was linked to higher HbA1c (8.3 ± 1.5%) than adequate fiber intake (7.4 ± 1.2%, p = 0.004). Participants consuming two or fewer meals/day had the highest HbA1c (8.7 ± 1.5%), compared to those eating three meals/day (8.0 ± 1.4%) or more than three meals/day (7.8 ± 1.3%, p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis confirmed high sugar intake (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.39-5.12), inadequate fiber intake (AOR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.19-5.02), and low meal frequency (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.02-4.79) as independent predictors of poor glycemic control, after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, diabetes duration, and treatment regimen.
conclusionHigh sugar consumption, inadequate fiber intake, and infrequent meals were significantly associated with higher HbA1c and poor glycemic control in this cohort of Pakistani T2DM patients. These findings underscore the importance of culturally sensitive dietary counseling and targeted interventions to improve glycemic outcomes in this population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.