Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40787971›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2025

TriMag Microrobots: 3D-Printed Microrobots for Magnetic Actuation, Imaging, and Hyperthermia.

Liuxi Xing, Yulu Cai, Yapei Zhang, Kevin Mozel, Zhengxu Tang, Tengteng Tang, Vittorio Mottini, Saumya Nigam, Bryan R Smith, Ian Y Lee and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Liuxi XingDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Yulu CaiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Yapei ZhangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Kevin MozelDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Zhengxu TangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Tengteng TangDepartment of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
Vittorio MottiniDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Saumya NigamPrecision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Bryan R SmithDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Ian Y LeeHenry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
Tavarekere N NagarajaHenry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
Ping WangPrecision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Xiangjia LiDepartment of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
Tong GaoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Jinxing LiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5888-342X

Funding

Magnetic Microrobots Assist AAV4 for CFTR Gene Delivery Through Mucus BarrierR21EB037346 · NIBIB · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI JINXING Li · 2025 to 2026
$447k
National Science Foundation 2216131National Science Foundation 2318057National Science Foundation 2323917National Science Foundation 2334134National Science Foundation 2339495NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB037346NIH HHS R21EB037346
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microrobots hold immense potential in biomedical applications, including drug delivery, disease diagnostics, and minimally invasive surgeries. However, two key challenges hinder their clinical translation: achieving scalable and precision fabrication, and enabling non-invasive imaging and tracking within deep biological tissues. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI), a cutting-edge imaging modality, addresses these challenges by detecting the magnetization of nanoparticles and visualizing superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs) with sub-millimeter resolution, free from interference by biological tissues. This capability makes MPI an ideal tool for tracking magnetic microrobots in deep tissue environments. In this study, "TriMag" microrobots are introduced: 3D-printed microrobots with three integrated magnetic functionalities-magnetic actuation, magnetic particle imaging, and magnetic hyperthermia. The TriMag microrobots are fabricated using an innovative method that combines two-photon lithography for 3D printing biocompatible hydrogel structures with in situ chemical reactions to embed the hydrogel scaffold with Fe

Indexed as

Hyperthermia, InducedPrinting, Three-DimensionalRoboticsAnimalsHydrogelsMagnetite NanoparticlesMiceHydrogelsMagnetite Nanoparticles3D printinghydrogelhyperthermiamagnetic particle imagingmicroroboticsnanoparticles

Identifiers

PMID40787971
PMCPMC12617050

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.