Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40792092›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2025

Dream content influences daily spirituality.

John Balch, George Hodulik, Rachel Raider, Aidan David, Chanel Reed, Wesley J Wildman, David Rohr, Patrick McNamara

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

John BalchDepartment of Psychology, National University, San Diego, CA, United States.
George HodulikCenter for Mind and Culture, Boston, MA, United States.
Rachel RaiderDepartment of Psychology, National University, San Diego, CA, United States.
Aidan DavidCenter for Mind and Culture, Boston, MA, United States.
Chanel ReedDepartment of Psychology, National University, San Diego, CA, United States.
Wesley J WildmanCenter for Mind and Culture, Boston, MA, United States.
David RohrCenter for Mind and Culture, Boston, MA, United States.
Patrick McNamaraDepartment of Psychology, National University, San Diego, CA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The daily effects of supernatural-agent (SA) concepts on spirituality remain poorly understood. In this study, we focused on dreaming as an avenue to study the effect of SA concepts on spirituality. This work contributes to a long history of research linking together dreaming and spirituality by utilizing quantitative and longitudinal methods. Methods: We conducted an intensive longitudinal study of sleep and dreaming among Results: Dreams containing supernatural content were associated with reduced dreamer agency and more negative affect, and were rated as more bizarre, strange, and scary. Mixed effects models demonstrated that dream affect and REM sleep percentage significantly predicted next-day closeness-to-God ratings and authoritarian God concepts when controlled for participant variance in trait spirituality, as well as effects at a 4-day lag for dream agency and dream affect. The neural network analysis established causal support for the lagged closeness-to-God mixed effects models, with saliency maps showing that 3-4 day lagged predictors influenced model outputs more than 1-2 day lags, demonstrating the importance of multi-day effects in measuring the impact of dream variables on daily closeness-to-God ratings. Discussion: These findings indicate that SA concepts in dreams contribute to daily levels of spirituality both the following day and with a multi-day lag. We conclude that dreams thus represent a key pathway for the influence of SA concepts on spirituality, and provide a valuable area of study for future research in the psychology of religion.

Indexed as

dreamsportable EEG devicesreligious cognitionREM sleepsupernatural agents

Identifiers

PMID40792092
PMCPMC12337890

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.