Evidence mapPaperPMID 40796871Full record

ReviewItalian journal of pediatrics2025

Risk factors for spastic cerebral palsy: a retrospective cross-sectional study and literature review.

Xing Wang, Xiao-Gang Du, Siew Hoon Teh, Xing-Hua Wang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Italian journal of pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Xing WangFamous TCM Expert Heritage Studio, Xi'an Encephalopathy Hospital Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Xiao-Gang DuFamous TCM Expert Heritage Studio, Xi'an Encephalopathy Hospital Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Siew Hoon Teh *M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Xing-Hua Wang *M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. wangxh@utar.edu.my.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCerebral Palsy (CP), a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, primarily manifests in early childhood, with spastic CP constituting 70% of cases. This study investigates spastic CP risk factors through a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of medical records and literature review to guide clinical strategies for reducing its incidence.

methodsThe study analyzed the records of patients with spastic CP from Xi'an Encephalopathy Hospital affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, between October 2021 and September 2022, aged 4-14 years old. Demographic and risk factor analysis was conducted among 231 patients, utilizing count data and percentages. Additionally, recent literature on spastic CP risk factors was reviewed.

resultsAmong the 231 cases, 55.41% were male, and 52.84% were urban residents. Age distribution was most concentrated at 4 years old (18.18%), followed by 5 years old (11.69%), and 8 years old (11.26%). Disease duration ranged from less than 3 months (10.82%) to 12-24 months (30.30%). Identified risk factors included neonatal diseases such as neonatal asphyxia (63.20%), premature birth (49.78%), and low birth weight (49.35%). Maternal prenatal illnesses and medication use (4.76%), delivery methods including cesarean Sect. (32.90% preterm), and environmental pollutants were also significant.

conclusionThis study enhances the understanding of spastic CP risk factors and provides actionable insights for prevention and management. Key recommendations include improved prenatal care (e.g., regular monitoring and infection control) and reducing maternal exposure to modifiable risks like environmental toxins, alcohol, and unnecessary medications. These findings support earlier, personalized interventions for at-risk cases.

Indexed as

Cerebral PalsyAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceInfant, NewbornMaleRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsReviewRisk factorsSpastic cerebral palsy

Identifiers

PMID40796871
PMCPMC12344992

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.