ArticleJournal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology2025
CD44 and Snail1 Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Article in Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unleashing lncRNA THOR: roles in cancer progression and clinical outlook.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2026Review
- Current and Emerging Protein Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Head and Neck Cancer.Genes · 2025Review
- CD44 and Snail1 Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a challenging malignancy with poor 5-year survival rates due to diagnosis at an advanced stage and a high likelihood of recurrence and metastasis. These aggressive traits may be influenced by cancer stem cells (CSC) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
methodsThis study investigated the prognostic significance of the CSC marker CD44 and EMT-related proteins (Snail1, Snail2, E-cadherin, N-cadherin) in 132 OSCCs using immunohistochemistry. The comprehensive survival analysis included univariate and multivariate (stepwise method) Cox regression for disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS), Kaplan-Meier curves based on log-rank testing, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to assess the predictive accuracy of the markers.
resultsHigh CD44 expression independently predicted worse DSS (HR = 2.74, 95% CI 1.44-5.23, p = 0.003) and DFS (HR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.16-4.23, p = 0.01), and Snail1 was significantly associated with poor DSS (HR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.37-5.03, p = 0.004). The combined expression of CD44 and Snail1 improved the discrimination of worse outcomes compared to markers individually. The presence of lymphovascular invasion (HR = 8.68, 95% CI 3.81-19.75, p < 0.0001) and a positive surgical margin (< 5 mm; HR = 4.45, 95% CI 1.99-9.96, p = 0.0003) were also independently associated with DSS.
conclusionsThe results of this study highlight the prognostic significance of CD44 and Snail1 in OSCC, emphasizing their potential interplay in tumor aggressiveness.
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