ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2025
Bioadhesive chitosan hydrogel with dynamic covalent bonds and sustained kartogenin release for endogenous cartilage regeneration.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Engineered Injectable Hydrogel Platform for Tailoring the Osteoarthritis Microenvironment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Compressive stress-driven mechanosignaling in chondrocytes: From molecular mechanism to scaffold engineering and translational opportunities.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Review
- Challenges and Strategies in Hydrogel-Based Cartilage Regeneration.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nonmonotonic rate-dependent adhesion of hydrogels.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The application of tissue engineering in cartilage regeneration: technological advances and future challenges.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects are clinically prevalent yet lack effective therapeutic solutions. Recent advancements in acellular cartilage tissue engineering combined with microfracture techniques have shown promising outcomes. Injectable hydrogels have emerged as particularly attractive scaffolds due to their minimally invasive implantation and capacity to conform to irregular cartilage defects. However, their clinical application remains constrained by inadequate mechanical strength and insufficient bioadhesion. In this study, we developed a bioadhesive dynamic hydrogel by integrating catechol-functionalized chitosan with aldehyde-terminated four-arm polyethylene glycol (AF-PEG). When combined with KGN-loaded PLGA/PEG nanoparticles, this hydrogel system enables sustained KGN release while maintaining injectability, self-healing properties, and a 3D porous architecture. Mechanical characterization revealed superior bioadhesion strength (∼1,150 kPa) and compressive modulus (∼195 kPa). The hydrogel demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, significantly promoting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) proliferation, migration, and chondrogenic differentiation
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.