Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40799872›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Diabetics: A Retrospective Analysis.

Hanan Wajid, Hafsa Manzoor, Misbah Manzoor, Sabeen Mirza, Hassaan Saeed Khan, Shahzaib Hassan, Bilawal Ali

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hanan WajidInternal Medicine, Gondal Medical Complex, Gujranwala, PAK.
Hafsa ManzoorPharmacology, Abu Umara Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK.
Misbah ManzoorInternal Medicine, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, PAK.
Sabeen MirzaInternal Medicine, Avicenna Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK.
Hassaan Saeed KhanInternal Medicine, Shalamar Medical & Dental College, Lahore, PAK.
Shahzaib HassanInternal Medicine, District Headquarter (DHQ) Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan, PAK.
Bilawal AliInternal Medicine, Allama Iqbal Teaching Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan, PAK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are a common complication in diabetic individuals due to impaired immune responses, poor glycemic control, and anatomical abnormalities. Objective Given the high burden of diabetes, rising antimicrobial resistance, and the paucity of local epidemiological data on recurrent UTIs in this population, this study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics, microbial profile, antibiotic resistance patterns, and associated risk factors of recurrent urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods This retrospective study was conducted at Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from April 2023 to April 2025. A total of 320 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of diabetes and documented episodes of recurrent urinary tract infections were included in the study. Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from electronic and paper-based medical records using a standardized data collection form. Results The mean age of patients was 59.4 ± 11.2 years, with females comprising 218 (68.1%) of the cohort. Type 2 diabetes accounted for 286 (89.4%) of cases. Poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7.5%) was observed in 229 (71.6%) of patients. The most common pathogen was E. coli (180, 56.3%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (59, 18.4%) and Enterococcus faecalis (29, 9.1%). Multidrug resistance was noted in 146 (45.6%) of isolates; 118 (36.9%) were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producers. Logistic regression identified female gender (OR: 2.84), poor glycemic control (OR: 3.12), diabetes duration >10 years (OR: 2.45), diabetic nephropathy (OR: 2.19), and prior UTI-related hospitalization (OR: 3.67) as significant predictors of recurrence and resistance (p < 0.05). Conclusion It is concluded that recurrent UTIs are common in diabetic patients and are significantly influenced by glycemic control, gender, disease duration, and renal complications. Rising antibiotic resistance among uropathogens necessitates routine culture-based treatment and individualized preventive strategies to improve outcomes in this high-risk group.

Indexed as

antibiotic resistancediabetes mellitusglycemic controlimmune responseurinary tract infection

Identifiers

PMID40799872
PMCPMC12341013

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.