Evidence mapPaperPMID 40801028Full record

ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025

High prevalence but low referral rate of adrenal incidentalomas in a Lebanese tertiary hospital.

Isabelle Jambart, Anne-Marie Wakim, Nadine Cheaib, Christelle Lahoud, Maryam Mansour, Carla Bou Issa, Charbel Daoud, Lina Menassa Moussa, Marie-Hélène Gannagé-Yared, Nada El Ghorayeb

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Isabelle Jambart *Department of Endocrinology at Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Anne-Marie Wakim *Department of Endocrinology at Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Nadine CheaibDepartment of Radiology at Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Christelle LahoudDepartment of Radiology at Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Maryam MansourDepartment of Radiology at Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Carla Bou IssaDepartment of Radiology at Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Charbel DaoudDepartment of Radiology at Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Lina Menassa MoussaDepartment of Radiology at Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Marie-Hélène Gannagé-YaredDepartment of Endocrinology at Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Nada El GhorayebDepartment of Endocrinology at Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Adrenal incidentalomas (AI) are being more frequently reported with the advent of medical imaging. Studies on their prevalence, characteristics and functional status are lacking in the Middle East. Objective: To determine the prevalence of AI as well as their clinical and radiological characteristics and referral rates to endocrinologists for hormonal testing. Methods: We prospectively evaluated unselected adult patients who underwent an abdominal computed tomography (CT) between November 2022 and June 2023 at a Lebanese tertiary teaching hospital. An experienced radiologist carefully reviewed 4,464 CT. Patients with known or suspected malignancy or adrenal disease were excluded. Main outcome measures included prevalence of AI and referral rates to endocrinologists during a one-year follow-up. Results: 3168 CT were retained for analysis, 222 had an AI, with an overall prevalence of 7%. There was no significant difference in prevalence according to gender (8% in women, 6% in men p = .06.). The prevalence increased with age from 0.9% in young adults (18-30 years) to 10.8% in patients older than 70. Mean age of patients with AI was 69 ± 14 years. 46% were males. Median size of AI was 1.7 cm (1.2-2.5). 45% had a density <10 Hounsfield Unit (HU) and 17% were bilateral. Patients with an AI were significantly older (p <.0001), had a higher Body mass index (BMI) (p = .0021), more hypertension (p = .023), dyslipidemia (p = .002), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (p = .0056). No difference according to sex was noted. The referral rate of AI to endocrinologists was only 5.4%. Conclusion: The prevalence of AI in Lebanon is comparable to the worldwide prevalence and is linked to age, BMI, hypertension, dyslipidemia and CVD but not to gender. Despite this high prevalence, the rate of referral for appropriate investigations is poor. Raising awareness among clinicians is therefore essential for a better evaluation of these patients.

Indexed as

Adrenal Gland NeoplasmsReferral and ConsultationAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansLebanonMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceProspective StudiesTertiary Care CentersTomography, X-Ray ComputedYoung Adultadrenal incidentalomaLebanonprevalenceradiological characteristicsreferral

Identifiers

PMID40801028
PMCPMC12339355

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.