ReviewCurrent atherosclerosis reports2025
Polygenic Modulation of Monogenic Diseases: Familial Hypercholesterolemia as the Exemplar.
Review in Current atherosclerosis reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewHeterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) is among the most common genetic conditions worldwide that affects ~ 1 in 300 individuals. HeFH is characterized by increased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but there is a wide spectrum of severity within the HeFH population. This variability in expression is incompletely explained by known risk factors. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent studies that have examined how polygenic risk can modulate the phenotypic expression of HeFH. RECENT
findingsOver the past several years, polygenic risk scores (PRS) that summarize information about many genetic variants that influence various traits have been developed. This includes polygenic risk scores for levels of LDL-C and other lipid fractions, CAD, and various other cardio-metabolic traits. In some individuals with a clinical phenotype compatible with HeFH but in whom a pathogenic variant is not present, an elevated PRS for LDL-C may explain the hypercholesterolemia. Among individuals with monogenic HeFH, an elevated PRS for LDL-C or CAD can further exacerbate the clinical phenotype and increase the risk of cardiovascular events. Conversely, a low PRS for these traits can mask the presentation of HeFH by decreasing the clinical severity and thus lead to incomplete phenotypic penetrance of a pathogenic HeFH-causing variant. Although HeFH is a prototypical monogenic condition, recent studies have revealed how the genomic background, as reflected by PRSs, can further modulate the clinical phenotype up or down in severity, thus adding a previously unrecognized level of complexity to monogenic disease. Having identified PRSs that can alter the clinical trajectory of HeFH, the next challenge for the field will be to implement PRS testing into clinical practice to allow clinicians to tailor risk prediction and treatment approaches based on each individual's unique complement of genetic factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40801957What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.