ArticleBMC neurology2025
Migraine and neuroinflammation: correlation of adipokines and cytokines with clinical features.
Article in BMC neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cognitive impairment in vestibular migraine: a PubMed-based systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Migraine and auditory dysfunction: beyond comorbidity.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Association between carbohydrate consumption and self-assessed severe headache or migraine among American adults.Journal of nutritional science · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveMigraine is one of the most disabling conditions affecting the quality of life in society. The pathophysiology of migraine is not yet fully understood, but neuroinflammation is thought to play an important role. The aim of our study is to investigate the potential biomarker properties of adipokines and cytokines in migraine and to assess their relationship with clinical features, including headache frequency, severity, disability scores. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe study included a total of 90 participants: 30 with episodic migraines (EM), 30 with chronic migraines(CM), and 30 healthy volunteers, all aged between 18 and 50 years. Data were collected on patients age, sex, migraine characteristics (pain location, type), attack frequency over the past 3 months, duration of the disease, attack severity, and body mass index. During the interictal period, blood levels of high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, leptin, resistin, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β were measured using ELISA kits.
resultsThe age, sex, and body mass index between the patient and control groups were similar. Levels of HMW-adiponectin, resistin, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (p < 0.001 for each). HMW-adiponectin and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in CM patients compared to the EM group (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). Additionally, adiponectin and IL-6 levels were positively correlated with the number of painful days, and IL-6 and leptin levels correlated with MIDAS scores.
conclusionsThe higher levels of cytokines and adipokines, in migraine patients compared to the control group suggest a potential role of neuroinflammation in migraine pathophysiology. The elevated levels of HMW-adiponectin and IL-6 in CM patients indicate that these molecules may be associated with the mechanisms involved in the chronification of migraine and pain burden.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.