SynthesisInternational journal of obesity (2005)2025
Gastrointestinal adverse events associated with GLP-1 RA in non-diabetic patients with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of obesity (2005), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT07513168. Cited by 46 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Semaglutide for Weight Loss and Cardiometabolic Improvement in Obese Pakistani Adults Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Single-Arm Open-Label Single-Center Trial
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Evaluating the clinical effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases using minimal clinically important difference: systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Ecnoglutide in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Injection-site and dermatologic reactions associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: Insights from meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and real-world evidence.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Investigation into the efficacy and safety profile of oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review: Efficacy, Safety and Metabolic Outcomes of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of tirzepatide in transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Gastrointestinal Adverse Effects of Anti-Obesity Medications in Non-Diabetic Adults: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Petrelintide for Weight Management: Two Randomized, Controlled Phase 1 Trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- HRS-7535, an oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist, in Chinese adults with obesity without diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Micronutrient risk with GLP-1 receptor and dual incretin agonists in obesity: Mechanistic pathways, clinical signals, and a monitoring framework.Obesity pillars · 2026Review
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss and Risk of Major Safety Outcomes: A Multicentre Cohort Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Metabolic Modulation in Cancer Care: The Potential Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026Review
- Oral Semaglutide 25 mg Versus Orforglipron 36 mg in Obesity: A Population-Adjusted Indirect Treatment Comparison.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Pharmacological treatment of MASH.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Metabolic and Glycemic Effects of Orforglipron, a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, in Adults With or Without Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Review
- Optimizing Weight Loss in the GLP-1 Era: Preserving Muscle Mass, Function and Metabolic Health Through Precision Nutrition and Resistance Training.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Unimolecular GLP-1/Apelin Hybrid Peptides Cause Prominent Appetite Suppression, as Well as Enhancing Insulin Secretion, Beta-Cell Survival and Glycaemic Regulation.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- GIPR:GCGR co-agonism restores normal weight in obese rodents.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionOverweight and obesity are major global health issues, increasing disease risk and straining healthcare systems. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are effective for weight loss but cause gastrointestinal side effects, affecting adherence. Research often focuses on diabetics, leaving a gap in understanding their effects on non-diabetic individuals with overweight or obesity. This systematic review and dose-response network meta-analysis addresses this gap, analyzing gastrointestinal adverse events from GLP-1 RAs in non-diabetic subjects with overweight or obesity.
methodsWe evaluated available evidence by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases, according to specific inclusion and exclusion eligibility criteria to evaluate gastrointestinal adverse events associated with GLP-1 RAs in non-diabetic individuals with overweight or obesity. Quality assessment of included studies was conducted using Cochrane Collaboration's tool.
resultsThirty-nine articles were included in the review showing a total number of 33,354 individuals. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation were the most common gastrointestinal adverse effects. All evaluated GLP-1 RAs led to a significant increase in nausea risk, with orforglipron showing the highest risk, followed by exenatide, tirzepatide, semaglutide, and liraglutide. Additionally, liraglutide, orforglipron, semaglutide, and tirzepatide were associated with increased vomiting risk, while cagrilinitide and exenatide showed no significant increase. Exenatide, cagrilinitide, orforglipron were not associated with diarrhea risk. Finally, semaglutide and liraglutide were associated to increased constipation risk, while cagrilinitide and exenatide showed no significant increase.
conclusionsGLP-1 RAs showed several adverse gastrointestinal effects in non-diabetic patients with overweight or obesity. Understanding the different risk profiles of GLP-1 RAs helps clinicians make informed treatment decisions by balancing therapeutic benefits with potential side effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.