Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40804577›Full record

ReviewGeroScience2026

The University of Oklahoma Inpatient Spine Protocol: optimizing surgical outcomes through standardized perioperative care.

David Barkyoumb, William C Kaiser, Lonnie Smith, Lance M Villeneuve, Graham Mulvaney, Chao Li, Christopher S Graffeo, Andrew M Bauer, Hakeem J Shakir, Karl Balsara and 4 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in GeroScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

David BarkyoumbDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-4444-8930
William C KaiserDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Lonnie SmithDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Lance M VilleneuveDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3621-8867
Graham MulvaneyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9884-9015
Chao LiDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Christopher S GraffeoDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5314-1067
Andrew M BauerDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9458-6951
Hakeem J ShakirDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4234-340X
Karl BalsaraDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8639-771X
M Burhan JanjuaDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7948-0232
John F BurkeDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6190-5116
Andrew JeaDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Zachary A SmithDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. zachary-a-smith@ouhsc.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Standardized care delivery protocols have demonstrated substantial benefits across a range of surgical subspecialties, with growing evidence supporting their application to elective spinal surgery. At our institution, we have developed and implemented a comprehensive spine surgery protocol that spans both the ambulatory and inpatient phases of care. In this manuscript, we focus on our inpatient protocol, which incorporates a standardized checklist designed to reduce surgical morbidity and enhance patient outcomes. Key areas of focus include mitigation of surgical site infections, wound complications, decreasing opioid use and dependency, and accelerating functional recovery. Each intervention has been selected and is based upon evidence from the literature, clinical relevance, and feasibility, and is applied systematically across each phase of care: pre-incision, intraoperative, and postoperative phases. While the protocol is currently being piloted among high-risk patients, it is designed for future scalability and institution-wide integration. Importantly, although focused on the inpatient surgical episode, this portion of the protocol's benefits extends beyond hospitalization. By targeting the modifiable risk factors most closely associated with postoperative complications and readmissions, this protocol has the potential to reduce healthcare utilization and improve long-term outcomes. In doing so, it contributes meaningfully to the growing body of literature supporting standardized care protocols as a critical tool in delivering high-value, outcome-driven spine care.

Indexed as

Clinical ProtocolsPerioperative CarePostoperative ComplicationsSpineChecklistHumansInpatientsTreatment OutcomeComplication reductionElective spine surgeryERASPerioperative careProtocolSpine surgery

Identifiers

PMID40804577
PMCPMC13356013

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.