Evidence mapPaperPMID 40804649Full record

ArticleJournal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care2025

Effectiveness and safety of opioid-free anesthesia compared to opioid-based anesthesia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Vincenzo Francesco Tripodi, Salvatore Sardo, Mariachiara Ippolito, Andrea Cortegiani

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Opiod-free anesthesia: the importance of evidence synthesis despite heterogeneity.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Vincenzo Francesco Tripodi *Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Human Pathology Department, University Hospital "Gaetano Martino", Via Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, 98124, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-6171
Salvatore Sardo *Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Strada Provinciale 8, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7664-8928
Mariachiara IppolitoDepartment of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Via del Vespro 129, Palermo, 90127, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9851-6301
Andrea CortegianiDepartment of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Via del Vespro 129, Palermo, 90127, Italy. andrea.cortegiani@unipa.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1416-9993

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOpioid-free anesthesia (OFA) is an innovative approach to anesthesia management aimed at enhancing both the safety and the quality of perioperative outcomes. The efficacy and safety of these approaches are uncertain. The aim of our work was to compare the effectiveness and safety of different OFA regimens to opioid-based anesthesia (OBA). STUDY DESIGN AND

methodsWe conducted a systematic review and frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome measure was the intensity of postoperative pain at 24 h, expressed in terms of numerical rating scale (NRS), visual analogue scale (VAS), or verbal rating scale (VRS) scores. The SUCRA was used to determine the likelihood that an intervention was ranked as the best. The certainty of the evidence was assessed according to the GRADE methodology for Network Meta-analysis (NMA).

resultsA total of 42 RCTs were included, for a total of 4666 patients. We have addressed the variety of available interventions. The random-effects network meta-analysis comparing OBA and different OFA regimens showed no difference in the pain intensity at 24 h. We performed the GRADE assessment for each comparison between each OFA regimen and OBA as a comparator. The certainty of evidence for the primary outcome ranges from moderate to very low among the different comparisons.

conclusionsWe have identified a significant heterogeneity in OFA regimens evaluated and a moderate to high risk of bias in over 70% of studies reporting the primary outcome. No OFA regimens showed a statistically significant effect over OBA in reducing postoperative pain within the first 24 h following surgery. Current evidence does not support the superiority of the analgesic efficacy of OFA in the immediate postoperative period compared to the use of opioids.

trial registrationThis study is registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42024529236 (May 3, 2024).

Indexed as

AnalgesiaOFAOpioidOpioid consumptionOpioid-free anesthesiaPostoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)Postoperative painRecoverySafety

Identifiers

PMID40804649
PMCPMC12351777

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.