Evidence mapPaperPMID 40806227Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

The Influence of Exercise and Physical Activity on Autonomic Nervous System Function Measured by Heart Rate Variability in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-A Systematic Review.

Isabel Bekker, Arne Kooistra, Peter R van Dijk, Joop D Lefrandt, Nic J G M Veeger, André P van Beek

Registry-linked trialAbstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07382856 (Effect of Low-intensity Aerobic Regular Activity on Heart Rate Variability in Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07382856 naactive not recruitingnot on this map

Effect of Low-intensity Aerobic Regular Activity on Heart Rate Variability in Type 1 Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Banja LukaRan2024 to 2026Enrolled35ConditionsType 1 DiabetesArmslow-intensity physical activity, Intensive insulin therapy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Isabel BekkerDiabetes Rehabilitation, Centre for Rehabilitation, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
Arne KooistraDiabetes Rehabilitation, Centre for Rehabilitation, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0007-3849-3858
Peter R van DijkDiabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Isala, 8025 AB Zwolle, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-9702-6551
Joop D LefrandtDepartment of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
Nic J G M VeegerFrisius MC Academy, Frisius MC, 8934 AD Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
André P van BeekDepartment of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-0335-8177

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Non-pharmacological interventions, such as physical activity and exercise, are essential in managing type 1 diabetes mellitus by improving glycemic control, cardiovascular health and autonomic function. Given the chronic nature and long-term complications associated with type 1 diabetes, strategies beyond pharmacotherapy are essential. This review examines the effects of exercise on heart rate variability, a key indicator of autonomic nervous system activity. A systematic search was conducted in March 2024 across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and CINAHL databases. Studies evaluating the retrospective or prospective impact of exercise or physical activity on heart rate variability parameters were included. Utilizing best evidence synthesis, the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, all of which were rated as methodologically weak. Moderate evidence suggests that exercise may enhance heart rate variability, particularly by increasing parasympathetic activity and improving sympathovagal balance. However, evidence remains limited regarding the optimal type, frequency and intensity of exercise. Exercise appears to support autonomic function in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nonetheless, further high-quality research is needed to determine the most effective exercise modalities and to inform evidence-based clinical guidelines.

Indexed as

Autonomic Nervous SystemDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1ExerciseHeart RateHumansautonomic nervous system functionexerciseheart rate variabilityphysical activitytype 1 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40806227
PMCPMC12346712

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.