Evidence mapPaperPMID 40806552Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Elevated IGFBP4 and Cognitive Impairment in a PTFE-Induced Mouse Model of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

E AlShawaf, N Abukhalaf, Y AlSanae, I Al Khairi, Abdullah T AlSabagh, M Alonaizi, A Al Madhoun, A Alterki, M Abu-Farha, F Al-Mulla and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

E AlShawafBiochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait.ORCID 0000-0003-1932-522X
N AbukhalafAnimal & Imaging Facility, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait.
Y AlSanaeBiochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait.
I Al KhairiBiochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait.ORCID 0000-0002-3547-9926
Abdullah T AlSabaghDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
M AlonaiziDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
A Al MadhounAnimal & Imaging Facility, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait.ORCID 0000-0001-8593-3878
A AlterkiKuwait Board of Post Graduate Training Program, Head & Neck Surgery Faculty, Kuwait Institute for Medical Specialisation (KIMS), P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
M Abu-FarhaBiochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait.ORCID 0000-0001-8357-1252
F Al-MullaDepartment of Translational Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait.ORCID 0000-0001-5409-3829
J AbubakerBiochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait.ORCID 0000-0003-0681-7305

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder linked to metabolic complications such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. By fragmenting normal sleep architecture, OSA perturbs the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis and alters circulating levels of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). A prior clinical observation of elevated IGFBP4 in OSA patients motivated the present investigation in a controlled animal model. Building on the previously reported protocol, OSA was induced in male C57BL/6 mice (9-12 weeks old) through intralingual injection of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), producing tongue hypertrophy, intermittent airway obstruction, and hypoxemia. After 8-10 weeks, the study assessed (1) hypoxia biomarkers-including HIF-1α and VEGF expression-and (2) neurobehavioral outcomes in anxiety and cognition using the open-field and novel object recognition tests. PTFE-treated mice exhibited a significant increase in circulating IGFBP4 versus both baseline and control groups. Hepatic Igfbp4 mRNA was also upregulated. Behaviorally, PTFE mice displayed heightened anxiety-like behavior and impaired novel object recognition, paralleling cognitive deficits reported in human OSA. These findings validate the PTFE-induced model as a tool for studying OSA-related hypoxia and neurocognitive dysfunction, and they underscore IGFBP4 as a promising biomarker and potential mediator of OSA's systemic effects.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionInsulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4Sleep Apnea, ObstructiveAnimalsBehavior, AnimalBiomarkersDisease Models, AnimalHep G2 CellsHumansHypoxiaMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLBiomarkersInsulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4biomarkerhypoxiaIGFBP4novel object recognitionobstructive sleep apneaopen field testOSA animal model

Identifiers

PMID40806552
PMCPMC12348007

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.