ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Perfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Mixtures Drive Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Through Immunosuppression: Integrating Epidemiology and Mechanistic Evidence.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association between serum perfluoroalkyl substances and COPD risk: population evidence and in vitro validation.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) possess immunosuppressive properties. However, their association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk remains inconclusive across epidemiological studies. This study integrates population-based and mechanistic evidence to clarify the relationship between PFAS exposure and RA. We analyzed 8743 U.S. adults from the NHANES (2005-2018), assessing individual and mixed exposures to PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, and PFHxS using multivariable logistic regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression, quantile g-computation, and weighted quantile sum models. Network toxicology and molecular docking were utilized to identify core targets mediating immune disruption. The results showed that elevated PFOA (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.41-1.89), PFOS (OR = 1.41, 1.25-1.58), and PFNA (OR = 1.40, 1.20-1.63) levels significantly increased RA risk. Mixture analyses indicated a positive joint effect (WQS OR = 1.06, 1.02-1.10; qgcomp OR = 1.26, 1.16-1.38), with PFOA as the primary contributor. Stratified analyses revealed stronger effects in females (PFOA Q4 OR = 3.75, 2.36-5.97) and older adults (≥60 years). Core targets included EGFR, SRC, TP53, and CTNNB1. PFAS mixtures increase RA risk, dominated by PFOA and modulated by sex/age. These findings help reconcile prior contradictions by identifying key molecular targets and vulnerable subpopulations, supporting regulatory attention to PFAS mixture exposure.
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Registered trials
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