ReviewBipolar disorders2025
Defining Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression: Recommendations From the ISBD Task Force.
Review in Bipolar disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Treatment-resistant Depression in the Post-ketamine Era: Unmet Needs beyond Rapid Response.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Association of SGLT2 inhibitors with suicidality, all-cause mortality, and hospitalization in bipolar disorder: A cohort study of 1.23 million adults.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Correction to "Defining Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression: Recommendations From the ISBD Task Force".Bipolar disorders · 2026Article
- Candidate Biomarkers of Bipolar Disorder Progression: Implications for Ketamine and Psychedelic Interventions.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Pharmacotherapeutic Options in Drug-Resistant Bipolar Depression: From Molecular Mechanisms to Rational Polypharmacotherapy.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Distinct therapeutic profiles of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression: an exploratory analysis.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Appetite measures during ketamine administration in treatment-resistant mood disorders: a naturalistic study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Plasma Sphingomyelin and Ceramide Profiles as Potential Biomarkers in Young Adults with Bipolar Depression: A Lipidomics Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Intranasal esketamine for ECT-refractory bipolar depression: a case report.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Ketamine dosing formula in treatment-resistant bipolar depression.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
30 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDespite the availability of approved treatments, a substantial proportion of patients with bipolar disorder experience treatment-resistant bipolar depression (TRBD), characterized by persistent depressive symptoms unresponsive to standard therapies. However, a universally accepted definition of TRBD is lacking. This consensus document, developed by the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Task Force on TRBD, aims to provide a standardized definition of TRBD to facilitate clinical trials, research, and treatment strategies.
methodsThe Task Force employed a literature review, clinical trials analysis, and expert consensus meetings to define TRBD.
resultsTRBD was defined as the failure to achieve a significant and sustained clinical response after at least two approved and adequately dosed pharmacological treatments, administered for a sufficient duration with treatment adherence. For bipolar I (BD-I) depression, approved treatments included quetiapine (300-600 mg/day for ≥ 8 weeks), lurasidone (20-120 mg/day for ≥ 6 weeks), the combination of olanzapine (6-12 mg/day) and fluoxetine (25-75 mg/day for ≥ 8 weeks), cariprazine (1.5-3 mg/day for ≥ 6 weeks), and lumateperone (42 mg/day for ≥ 6 weeks). For bipolar II (BD-II) depression, approved treatments included quetiapine (300-600 mg/day for ≥ 8 weeks) and lumateperone (42 mg/day for ≥ 6 weeks).
conclusionThis consensus definition aims to provide clarity for clinical trials, improve consistency in research, and guide treatment approaches and inform regulatory pathways. It represents a foundational step in addressing the unmet needs in TRBD and promoting the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Future efforts will focus on adapting the definition to better align with real-world clinical challenges and optimize patient care.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.