Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40808977›Full record

ReviewBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2025

Brain nitric oxide and inflammation in chronic intermittent hypoxia: Contributors to cognitive impairment and hypertension.

Cephas B Appiah, Ato O Aikins, George E Farmer, J Thomas Cunningham

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Cephas B AppiahDepartment of Physiology and Anatomy, College of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
Ato O AikinsDepartment of Physiology and Anatomy, College of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
George E FarmerDepartment of Physiology and Anatomy, College of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
J Thomas CunninghamDepartment of Physiology and Anatomy, College of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a key feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and leads to physiological changes that can cause cardiovascular and neurological issues. This review explores the role of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammation in the development of CIH-induced health problems, specifically focusing on hypertension and cognitive dysfunction. We synthesize current evidence regarding how CIH modulates inflammatory processes and NO signaling in different brain regions, especially autonomic control centers crucial for cardiovascular regulation. We also discuss the activation of proinflammatory transcription factors, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and the involvement of pattern recognition receptors in CIH-induced neuroinflammation. Regarding cardiovascular changes associated with CIH, we focus on the effects of NO and inflammation in central autonomic regions such as the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), subfornical organ (SFO), median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), and paraventricular nucleus (PVN), shedding light on their contributions to sustained hypertension in CIH. The review delves into the latest findings on sex differences in CIH-induced neuroinflammation. In examining the current knowledge, we have pinpointed significant gaps in understanding, especially concerning the specific mechanisms of NO and inflammation interactions in different brain regions during CIH. This review provides insights into potential therapeutic targets and emphasizes the need for further research to develop more effective treatments for OSA-related cardiovascular and neurological complications.

Indexed as

AstrocytesAutonomicChronic intermittent hypoxiaCognitive impairmentHypertensionMicroglia activationNeuroinflammationNitric oxideReactive oxygen species

Identifiers

PMID40808977
PMCPMC12345347

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.