Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40808982›Full record

ArticleInfectious microbes & diseases2025

Repurposing Diflunisal as an Antivirulence Agent Against

Daniel Sun, Nina M Haste, Josh Sun, Mateus Sá Magalhães Serafim, Anna Salvioni, Joshua Olson, Jason Cole, Cheryl Okumura, Richard L Gallo, George Sakoulas and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Infectious microbes & diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Characterization and pathogenic mechanisms of aFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Daniel SunDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Nina M HasteDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Josh SunDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Mateus Sá Magalhães SerafimSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Anna SalvioniDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Joshua OlsonDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Jason ColeDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Cheryl OkumuraDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Richard L GalloDepartment of Dermatology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
George SakoulasDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Anthony J O'DonoghueSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Mary E HenslerDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Victor NizetDivision of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Funding

GRADUATE TRAINING IN CELLULAR &MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGYT32GM007752 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BROWN, JOAN HELLER, HANDEL, TRACY M · 1985 to 2023
$13.5M
Cathelicidins in Skin ImmunityR01AI052453 · NIAID · VETERANS MEDICAL RESEARCH FDN/SAN DIEGO · PI GALLO, RICHARD L, NIZET, VICTOR · 2002 to 2017
$5.3M
C3-Dependent Intracellular Killing in Innate Immunity and Bacterial PathogenesisR01AI145325 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI NIZET, VICTOR, RAFFATELLU, MANUELA · 2019 to 2023
$3.1M
Surprising Efficacy of Discounted Antibiotics vs. MDR Gram-Negative Pathogens Occurring Through Innate Immune SensitizationR01AI145310 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KUMARASWAMY, MONIKA, NIZET, VICTOR · 2020 to 2023
$1.9M
Safety and Dose Optimization of High-Dose Anakinra in Kawasaki DiseaseP50HD090259 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI CAPPARELLI, EDMUND VINCENT, NIZET, VICTOR · 2019 to 2020
$1.4M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI052453NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI145310NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI145325NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD090259NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007752
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infections refractory to standard antibiotic therapy are contributing to adverse treatment outcomes in patients suffering from deep-seated bacterial infections caused by increasingly resistant pathogens. Adjunctive strategies targeting bacterial virulence factors have been considered to supplement the host immune response in fighting the infection. Previous studies suggest that the FDA-approved anti-inflammatory drug diflunisal inhibits

Indexed as

alpha-toxinantimicrobial peptidesantivirulence therapybiofilmdiflunisaldrug repurposingnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugStaphylococcus aureus

Identifiers

PMID40808982
PMCPMC12345599

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.