ArticlePain reports2025
Effects of biopsychosocial complexity and pain-related factors on opioid prescription in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
Article in Pain reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Opioid prescription is associated with various biopsychosocial (BPS) domains. Explaining how they interact is worth to better understand their role. Objectives: To assess direct and indirect effects of BPS complexity and pain-related factors on opioid prescription in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Methods: We included 3,923 individuals admitted to a tertiary care rehabilitation clinic. Two outcomes were defined: likelihood of opioid prescription at admission (yes/no) and daily morphine equivalent dose (dMED) during rehabilitation. Predictors were sociodemographic factors, injury severity and location, pain-related factors (pain catastrophizing, depressive symptoms, pain severity), and BPS complexity assessed by the INTERMED method. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the direct and indirect effects of BPS complexity on outcomes. Results: Biopsychosocial complexity had a direct effect on opioid prescription (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.10-1.32) and indirect effects via pain severity (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.06-1.12) and depressive symptoms (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00-1.04). Biopsychosocial complexity also had direct effect on dMED (β = 1.17, 95% CI 1.06-1.28) and an indirect effect via pain severity (exp β = 1.03; 95% CI 1.00-1.07). Pain catastrophizing was indirectly associated with opioid prescription and dose via pain. The likelihood of opioid prescription was associated with female sex, increased education level, and spine trauma; the latter 2 factors were also associated with increased dMED. Conclusion: Our study suggests that BPS complexity is associated with opioid prescription and dose, with direct and indirect effects via pain severity or depressive symptoms. Screening and addressing patients' complexity may help decrease opioid prescriptions and risk of misuse.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.