Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40816352›Full record

ArticleJournal of advanced research2026

Refining antibiotic cocktail regimens for pseudo-germ-free mice and their impact on gut microbiome and pancreatic tumor proteomics.

Suraphan Panyod, Wei-Kai Wu, Yen-Peng Lee, Tzung-Yi Lin, Po-Cheng Kuo, Chen-Syuan Yen, Yi-Hsun Chen, Hsiao-Li Chuang, I-Hsuan Lo, Yu-Tang Yang and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of advanced research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. mSystems · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Suraphan PanyodDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Wei-Kai WuBachelor Program of Biotechnology and Food Nutrition, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: weikaiwu@ntu.edu.tw.
Yen-Peng LeeDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Tzung-Yi LinDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Po-Cheng KuoDepartment of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chen-Syuan YenDepartment of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yi-Hsun ChenNational Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan.
Hsiao-Li ChuangNational Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan.
I-Hsuan LoDepartment of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yu-Tang YangDepartment of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yi-Ling LoDepartment of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Wei-Ting LiaoInstitute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chih-Ta ChenGraduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Lu-Ping ChowGraduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chin-Hsien LinDepartment of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yi-Chia LeeDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Cheng-Chih HsuDepartment of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Leeuwenhoek Laboratories Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ming-Shiang WuDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: mingshiang@ntu.edu.tw.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe gut microbiome critically influences health, disease, and therapeutic responses. However, creating robust pseudo-germ-free (PGF) mouse models for microbiota-host interaction studies remains challenging due to adverse effects associated with high dosages of commonly used antibiotic cocktails.

objectivesThis study aimed to refine antibiotic cocktail regimens to generate PGF mice that maintain effective bacterial clearance while minimizing toxicity, and to explore the impact of microbiota depletion on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression and treatment response.

methodsMultiple antibiotic combinations were tested in C57BL/6 mice by adjusting concentrations and incorporating sweeteners. Gut microbiota depletion was assessed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Regimens were further validated in a syngeneic Panc02 PDAC model, with or without gemcitabine treatment. Proteomic analyses of tumors and plasma were performed using LC-MS/MS. Germ-free mice were also included to validate microbiota-dependent tumor responses.

resultsOptimized antibiotic regimens achieved substantial bacterial depletion while reducing weight loss and mortality. In PDAC-bearing mice, microbiota depletion suppressed tumor growth and significantly enhanced gemcitabine efficacy. Proteomic profiling revealed downregulation of tumor-promoting metabolic and inflammatory pathways and upregulation of apoptosis-associated pathways in antibiotic-treated mice.

conclusionRefined antibiotic regimens effectively generate PGF mice with minimized side effects, enabling reproducible studies of microbiota-host interactions. Microbiota depletion alters the tumor proteomic landscape and improves chemotherapy response in PDAC, highlighting the therapeutic potential of microbiome manipulation in cancer treatment.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsCarcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalGastrointestinal MicrobiomePancreatic NeoplasmsAnimalsCell Line, TumorDeoxycytidineDisease Models, AnimalGemcitabineGerm-Free LifeHumansMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLProteomicsAnti-Bacterial AgentsDeoxycytidineGemcitabineGemcitabine chemotherapyGut microbiomeMicrobiota depletionPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)Pseudo-germ-free mouse modelTumor proteomics

Identifiers

PMID40816352
PMCPMC13131506

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.