ArticleJournal of assisted reproduction and genetics2025
Global, regional, and national burden and trend of infertility and its subtypes from 1990 to 2021, with projections to 2035.
Article in Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Psychosocial Aspects of Infertility and Medically Assisted Reproduction in Serbia: A COMPI-Based Single Centre Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Burden and Risk Factor Patterns of Reproductive System Tumors and Non-Tumor Diseases Among Asian Women, 1990-2021: Evidence from the GBD Study.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo study the global, regional and national burden and trend of primary and secondary infertility, by sex and sociodemographic index (SDI), over the period 1990-2021.
methodsData on the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to infertility and its subtypes were retrieved from the GBD study 2021 for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. The counts and age-standardized rates are presented, along with their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were computed using linear regression analysis. Decomposition analysis was conducted to determine the effects of population growth, aging, and epidemiological shifts on disease burden. Frontier analysis was performed to identify potential improvement areas and disparities among countries by development status. Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis (BAPC) predicted global lung cancer mortality from 2020 to 2035.
resultsGlobally, the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of infertility changed from 4071.04 (95% UI: 2660.05, 6223.25) per 100,000 in 1990 to 5030.42 (3207.13, 7918.99) per 100,000 in 2021, with the EAPC being 0.65. The age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) changed from 23.15 (8.91, 53.73) per 100,000 in 1990 to 28.54 (11.05, 67.94) per 100,000 in 2021, with the EAPC being 0.52. It is anticipated that the ASPR exhibits a downward trend for overall primary infertility, whereas they are expected to show an upward trend for overall secondary infertility by 2035, in comparison with 2021.
conclusionsGovernments and the public should recognize the magnitude of the issue of infertility and prioritize implementing targeted interventions and strategies to improve reproductive health worldwide.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.